Characterization of rice KT/HAK/KUP potassium transporters and K⁺ uptake by HAK1 from Oryza sativa

Abstract

Plant high-affinity K⁺ (HAK) transporters are divided into four major clusters. Cluster I transporters, in particular, are thought to have high-affinity for K⁺. Of the 27 HAK genes in rice, eight HAK transporters belong to cluster I. In this study, we investigated the temporal expression patterns during K⁺ deficiency and K⁺ transport activity of these eight HAK transporters. The expression of seven HAK genes except OsHAK20 was detected. Expression of OsHAK1, OsHAK5 and OsHAK21 was induced in response to K⁺ deficiency; however, that of other genes was not. Six of the eight HAK transporters—OsHAK1, OsHAK5, OsHAK19, OsHAK20, OsHAK21, and OsHAK27—complemented the K⁺-transporter-deficient yeast or bacterial strain. Further, the yeast cells expressing OsHAK1 were more sensitive to Na⁺ than those expressing OsHAK5. Mutant analysis showed that the high-affinity K⁺ uptake activity was almost undetectable in oshak1 mutants in a low-K⁺ medium (0.02 mM). In addition, the high-affinity K⁺ uptake activity of wild-type plants was inhibited by mild salt stress (20 mM NaCl); however, Na⁺ permeability of OsHAK1 was not detected in Escherichia coli cells. The high-affinity K⁺ uptake activity by leaf blades was detected in wild-type plants, while it was not detected in oshak1 mutants. Our results suggest that OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 are the two important components of cluster I corresponding to low-K⁺ conditions, and that the transport activity of OsHAK1, unlike that of OsHAK5, is sensitive to Na⁺. Further, OsHAK1 is suggested to involve in foliar K⁺ uptake.