Complementary Genes That Cause Black Ripening Hulls in F₁ Plants of Crosses between Indica and Japonica Rice Cultivars

Abstract

The F₁ plants of crosses between indica and japonica rice cultivars often have black hulls during ripening, even though both of the parental cultivars have yellow hulls. Complementary genes are suggested to be necessary for the black hull phenotype, and one of them is predicted to be Phr1, which encodes polyphenol oxidase. On the other hand, Bh4, which encodes a tyrosine transporter, is known to cause the black hull phenotype in wild rice species, Oryza rufipogon. However, the relationship between Bh4 and Phr1 in the black hull phenotype has not been elucidated. In this study, a genotype analysis of the segregating populations from the cross between an indica cultivar, Habataki, and a japonica cultivar, Arroz da Terra, indicated that only those plants that had both functional genes, Bh4 and Phr1, showed the black hull phenotype, suggesting that a complementarity of Bh4 and Phr1 was necessary for the black hull phenotype.