Facilitation of human startle eyeblink responses by puretone background stimulation

KATSUYUKI YAMASAKI; YO MIYATA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.24.161

Author information

Keywords: startle, background acoustic stimulation, facilitation, human eyeblink response, eyeblink amplitude, eyeblink onset latency

JOURNALS FREE ACCESS

Volume 24 (1982) Issue 3 Pages 161-164

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.24.161

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Released dates
Released: February 24, 2009 [Advance Publication] Released: - received: November 12, 1981 corrected: - accepted: March 13, 1982
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: Wrong : KATSUYUKI YAMASAKI¹⁾²⁾, YO MIYATA¹⁾
Right : KATSUYUKI YAMASAKI¹⁾, YO MIYATA¹⁾

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University
2) Southern Methodist University

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Davis, M. 1974 Signal-to-noise ratio as a predictor of startle amplitude and habituation in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 812-825.
Hoffman, H. S., & Fleshler, M. 1963 Startle reaction: Modification by background acoustic stimulation. Science, 141, 928-930.
Hoffman, H. S., & Ison, J. R. 1980 Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychological Review, 87, 175-189.
Hoffman, H. S., & Searle, J. L. 1968 Acoustic and temporal factors in the evocation of startle. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 43, 269-282.
Hoffman, H. S., & Wible, B. L. 1969 Temporal parameters in startle facilitation by steady background signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 45, 7-12.
Ison, J. R. 1978 Reflex inhibition and reflex elicitation by acoustic stimuli differing in abruptness of onest and peak intensity. Animal Learning _??_ Behavior, 6, 106-110.
Ison, J. R., & Hammond, G. R. 1971 Modification of the startle reflex in the rat by changes in the auditory and visual environments. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 75, 435-452.
Osborne, B., Roach, T., Gendreau, L., & Gendreau, P. 1974 An electrode hookup for eyelid conditioning. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 6, 416-418.
Putnam, L. E. 1977 Mechanisms of modification of the human startle reaction by background acoustic stimulation. Psychophysiology, 14, 78.
Yamada, F., Yamasaki, K., Nakayama, M., & Miyata, Y. 1980 Distribution of eyeblink amplitude recorded by an electrode hookup: re-examination. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 51, 1283-1287.
Yamasaki, Y., Yamada, F., & Miyata, Y. 1980 The effect of signalling upon control of an aversive stimulus: a study of the signal properties. Japanese Psychological Research, 22, 125-133.

Right : Davis, M. 1974 Signal-to-noise ratio as a predictor of startle amplitude and habituation in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 812-825.
Hoffman, H. S., & Fleshier, M. 1963 Startle reaction: Modification by background acoustic stimulation. Science, 141, 928-930.
Hoffman, H. S., & Ison, J. K. 1980 Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychological Review, 87, 175-189.
Hoffman, H. S., & Searle, J. L. 1968 Acoustic and temporal factors its the evocation of startle. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 43, 269-282.
Hoffman, H. S., & Wible, B. L. 1969 Temporal parameters in startle facilitation by steady background signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 45, 7-12.
Ison, J. R. 1978 Reflex inhibition and reflex elicitation by acoustic stimuli differing in abruptness of onest and peak intensity. Animal Learning & Behavior, 6, 106-110.
Ison, J. R., & Hammond, G. R. 1971 Modification of the startle reflex in the rat by changes in the auditory and visual environments. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 75, 435-452.
Osborne, B., Roach, T., Gendreau, L., & Gendreau, P. 1974 An electrode hookup for eyelid conditioning. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 6, 416-418.
Putnam, L. E. 1977 Mechanisms of modification of the human startle reaction by background acoustic stimulation. Psychoplysiology, 14, 78.
Yamada, F., Yamasaki, K., Nakayama, M., & Miyata, Y. 1980 Distribution of eyeblink amplitude recorded by an electrode hookup: re-examination. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 51, 1283-1287.
Yamasaki, Y., Yamada, F., & Miyata, Y. 1980 The effect of signalling upon control of an aversive stimulus: a study of the signal properties. Japanese Psychological Research, 22, 125-133.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Davis, M. 1974 Signal-to-noise ratio as a predictor of startle amplitude and habituation in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 812-825.
Hoffman, H. S., & Fleshier, M. 1963 Startle reaction: Modification by background acoustic stimulation. Science, 141, 928-930.
Hoffman, H. S., & Ison, J. K. 1980 Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychological Review, 87, 175-189.
Hoffman, H. S., & Searle, J. L. 1968 Acoustic and temporal factors its the evocation of startle. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 43, 269-282.
Hoffman, H. S., & Wible, B. L. 1969 Temporal parameters in startle facilitation by steady background signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 45, 7-12.
Ison, J. R. 1978 Reflex inhibition and reflex elicitation by acoustic stimuli differing in abruptness of onest and peak intensity. Animal Learning & Behavior, 6, 106-110.
Ison, J. R., & Hammond, G. R. 1971 Modification of the startle reflex in the rat by changes in the auditory and visual environments. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 75, 435-452.
Osborne, B., Roach, T., Gendreau, L., & Gendreau, P. 1974 An electrode hookup for eyelid conditioning. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 6, 416-418.
Putnam, L. E. 1977 Mechanisms of modification of the human startle reaction by background acoustic stimulation. Psychoplysiology, 14, 78.
Yamada, F., Yamasaki, K., Nakayama, M., & Miyata, Y. 1980 Distribution of eyeblink amplitude recorded by an electrode hookup: re-examination. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 51, 1283-1287.
Yamasaki, Y., Yamada, F., & Miyata, Y. 1980 The effect of signalling upon control of an aversive stimulus: a study of the signal properties. Japanese Psychological Research, 22, 125-133.

Right : Davis, M. 1974 Signal-to-noise ratio as a predictor of startle amplitude and habituation in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 812-825.
Hoffman, H. S., & Fleshler, M. 1963 Startle reaction: Modification by background acoustic stimulation. Science, 141, 928-930.
Hoffman, H. S., & Ison, J. R. 1980 Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychological Review, 87, 175-189.
Hoffman, H. S., & Searle, J. L. 1968 Acoustic and temporal factors in the evocation of startle. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 43, 269-282.
Hoffman, H. S., & Wible, B. L. 1969 Temporal parameters in startle facilitation by steady background signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 45, 7-12.
Ison, J. R. 1978 Reflex inhibition and reflex elicitation by acoustic stimuli differing in abruptness of onest and peak intensity. Animal Learning & Behavior, 6, 106-110.
Ison, J. R., & Hammond, G. R. 1971 Modification of the startle reflex in the rat by changes in the auditory and visual environments. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 75, 435-452.
Osborne, B., Roach, T., Gendreau, L., & Gendreau, P. 1974 An electrode hookup for eyelid conditioning. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 6, 416-418.
Putnam, L. E. 1977 Mechanisms of modification of the human startle reaction by background acoustic stimulation. Psychophysiology, 14, 78.
Yamada, F., Yamasaki, K., Nakayama, M., & Miyata, Y. 1980 Distribution of eyeblink amplitude recorded by an electrode hookup: re-examination. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 51, 1283-1287.
Yamasaki, Y., Yamada, F., & Miyata, Y. 1980 The effect of signalling upon control of an aversive stimulus: a study of the signal properties. Japanese Psychological Research, 22, 125-133.

Abstract

This study investigated the facilitatory effects of pure-tone background stimulation on the human startle response. Startle eyeblink responses of 13 subjects to an intense white noise were measured under four conditions: silence condition and pure-tone background stimulations at one of three intensities (65, 75, or 85 dB). Amplitudes of startle responses were increased with the background stimulation and the extent of amplitude facilitation was positively related to the intensity of the background stimulus. Although the onset latency of startle was also shortened with the background stimulation, no change was shown with the increase of the background stimulus intensity. These results were discussed and compared with the previous studies in rats.

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