A STUDY ON THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE BY THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL METHOD

MORIJI SAGARA; KAZUO YAMAMOTO; HIROHIKO NISHIMURA; HIROSHI AKUTO

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.3.146

MORIJI SAGARA, KAZUO YAMAMOTO, HIROHIKO NISHIMURA, HIROSHI AKUTO

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JOURNALS FREE ACCESS

Volume 3 (1961) Issue 3 Pages 146-156

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.3.146

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Released: February 24, 2009 [Advance Publication] Released: - received: June 12, 1961 corrected: - accepted: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : To obtain data to find the semantic structure of the Japanese lan-guage, and to compare the results with those of the study on semantic structure of the American language obtained by Os-good and his co-workers.
Procedures: Based on the analysis of the results of the association test method and the vocabulary from various magazines, 88 adjective-pairs and 150 concept words were selected, from which 50 adjective-pairs and 120 concept words were finally adopted for the present study after pre-liminary testing.
Ninety-six subjects were students in classes of introductory psychology and divided into twenty-four groups; four in each group. A set of five concepts which were different from one group to other were given for semantic ratings. The four people in each group were given the same five concepts and asked to rate them on the 50 seven-point adjective-pair scales.
The inter-correlations between scales (based upon 480 observations (5 concepts x 96 subjects) were factor analyzed by Thurston's centroid method.
Results: Four interpretable orthogonal factors (accounting for approximately 48% of the variance of judgments) were extract-ed from the data: Factor I-Moral Cor-rectness, Factor II-Magnitude, Factor III-Sensory Pleasure, and Factor IV-Dynamism. The differences in the seman-tic structure of the American language and that of the Japanese language were examined and discussed on the basis of the results.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : KAISER, H. F. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1958, 23, 187-200.
KUMATA, H., & SCHRAMM, W. A pilot study of cross-cultural methodology. Pub. Opin. Quart., 1956, 20, 229-237.
NATIONAL LANGUAGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Ed) Research on vocabulary in cultural reviews, Part I, Vocabulary Tables, 1957. (In Japanese.)
OSGOOD, C. E. The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychol. Bull., 1952, 49, 197-237.
OSGOOD, C. E., Sucr, G.J., & TANNENBAUM, P.H. The measurement of meaning. Univ. Illinois Press, 1957.
Suci, G. J. A comparison of semantic structures in American Southwest culture groups. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1960, 60, 25-30.
THURSTONE, L. L. Multiple factor analysis. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1947.
TOGAWA, Y., & KURAISHI, S. The association test method. Tokyo: Hakua-shobo, 1957. (In Japanese.)
TRIANDis, H., OSGOOD, C.E. A comparative fac-torial analysis of semantic structures in mono-lingual Greek and American college student. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1958, 57, 187-196.
WATANABE, H., ISHIGE, N., KASHIWAGI, S., OCHIAI, H., & TANAKA, T. THE study of cognitive structure in human relations-A trial by semantic differential techniques. Mimeographed paper, Labor Science Research Office, Japan National Railways, 1959. (In Japanese.)
YAMAMOTO, K., NISHIMURA, H., NOMURA, K., AKU-To, H., & OKABE, Y. A study of the semantic structure in Japanese by semantic differential method. Marketing Research, Japan Social Re-search Institute, No. 82, 1957. (In Japanese.)

Right : KAISER, H. F. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychornetrika, 1958, 23, 187-200.
KUMATA, H., & SCHRAMM, W. A pilot study of crosscultural methodology. Pub. Opin. Quart., 1956, 20, 229-237.
NATIONAL LANGUAGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Ed) Research on vocabulary in cultural reviews, Part I, Vocabulary Tables, 1957.(In Japanese.)
OSGOOD, C. E. The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychol. Bull., 1952, 49, 197-237.
OSGOOD, C. E., SUCI, G.J., & TANNENBAUM, P. H. The measurement of meaning. Univ. Illinois Press, 1957.
SUCI, G. J. A comparison of semantic structures in American Southwest culture groups. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1960, 60, 25-30.
THURSTONE, L. L. Multiple factor analysis. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1947
TOGAWA, Y., & KURAISHI, S. The association test method. Tokyo: Hakua-shobo, 1957.(In Japanese.)
TRIANDIS, H., OSGOOD, C.E. A comparative factorial analysis of semantic structures in monolingual Greek and American college student. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1958, 57, 187-196.
WATANABE, H., ISHIGE, N., KASHIWAGI, S., OCHIAI, H., & TANAKA, T. THE study of cognitive structure in human relations-A trial by semantic differential techniques. Mimeographed paper, Labor Science Research Office, Japan National Railways, 1959, (In Japanese.)
YAMAMOTO, K., NISHIMURA, H., NOMURA, K., AKUTO, H., & OKABE, Y. A study of the semantic structure in Japanese by semantic differential method. Marketing Research, Japan Social Research Institute, No.82, 1957.(In Japanese.)

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : KAISER, H. F. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychornetrika, 1958, 23, 187-200.
KUMATA, H., & SCHRAMM, W. A pilot study of crosscultural methodology. Pub. Opin. Quart., 1956, 20, 229-237.
NATIONAL LANGUAGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Ed) Research on vocabulary in cultural reviews, Part I, Vocabulary Tables, 1957.(In Japanese.)
OSGOOD, C. E. The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychol. Bull., 1952, 49, 197-237.
OSGOOD, C. E., SUCI, G.J., & TANNENBAUM, P. H. The measurement of meaning. Univ. Illinois Press, 1957.
SUCI, G. J. A comparison of semantic structures in American Southwest culture groups. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1960, 60, 25-30.
THURSTONE, L. L. Multiple factor analysis. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1947
TOGAWA, Y., & KURAISHI, S. The association test method. Tokyo: Hakua-shobo, 1957.(In Japanese.)
TRIANDIS, H., OSGOOD, C.E. A comparative factorial analysis of semantic structures in monolingual Greek and American college student. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1958, 57, 187-196.
WATANABE, H., ISHIGE, N., KASHIWAGI, S., OCHIAI, H., & TANAKA, T. THE study of cognitive structure in human relations-A trial by semantic differential techniques. Mimeographed paper, Labor Science Research Office, Japan National Railways, 1959, (In Japanese.)
YAMAMOTO, K., NISHIMURA, H., NOMURA, K., AKUTO, H., & OKABE, Y. A study of the semantic structure in Japanese by semantic differential method. Marketing Research, Japan Social Research Institute, No.82, 1957.(In Japanese.)

Right : KAISER, H. F. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1958, 23, 187-200.
KUMATA, H., & SCHRAMM, W. A pilot study of crosscultural methodology. Pub. Opin. Quart., 1956, 20, 229-237.
NATIONAL LANGUAGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Ed) Research on vocabulary in cultural reviews, Part I, Vocabulary Tables, 1957.(In Japanese.)
OSGOOD, C. E. The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychol. Bull., 1952, 49, 197-237.
OSGOOD, C. E., SUCI, G. J., & TANNENBAUM, P. H. The measurement of meaning. Univ. Illinois Press, 1957.
SUCI, G. J. A comparison of semantic structures in American Southwest culture groups. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1960, 60, 25-30.
THURSTONE, L. L. Multiple-factor analysis. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1947.
TOGAWA, Y., & KURAISHI, S. The association test method. Tokyo: Hakua-shobo, 1957.(In Japanese.)
TRIANDIS, H., OSGOOD, C. E. A comparative factorial analysis of semantic structures in monolingual Greek and American college student. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1958, 57, 187-196.
WATANABE, H., ISHIGE, N., KASHIWAGI, S., OCHIAI, H., & TANAKA, T. THE study of cognitive structure in human relations-A trial by semantic differential techniques. Mimeographed paper, Labor Science Research Office, Japan National Railways, 1959.(In Japanese.)
YAMAMOTO, K., NISHIMURA, H., NOMURA, K., AKUTO, H., & OKABE, Y. A study of the semantic structure in Japanese by semantic differential method. Marketing Research, Japan Social Research Institute, No.82, 1957.(In Japanese.)

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