Effects of contextual preexposure on the context-shock conditioning in rats

TAKASHI TAKIGASAKI

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.35.148

TAKASHI TAKIGASAKI

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Keywords: contextual preexposure, electric shock, freezing, facilitation, latent inhibition

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1993 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 148-152

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.35.148

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Published: November 25, 1993 Received: August 24, 1992 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: March 06, 1993 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of contextual preexposure on the context-shock conditioning in rats. Seventy-two albino rats were first placed in an experimental chamber for 5min without electric shock (contextual preexposure) for a few days (0, 1, 3 or 7 days), and then received a shock (1mA, 2s) with either 1s (immediate-shock) or 180s (delayed-shock) placement-shock interval. They were observed on the next day after the shock. The rats which experienced 3days of preexposure exhibited freezing more frequently than those experienced 0day and I day of preexposure. Seven days of preexposure decreased freezing. These results suggest the nonmonotonic effects of preexposure: the effects of facilitation and latent inhibition of conditional freezing. Immediate-shock rats with 3 days of preexposure exhibited as frequent freezing as delayed-shock rats with 0day and 1 day of preexposure. This suggests that some relevant amount of preexposure could alleviate the decrease of freezing observed in the immediate-shock rats. However, immediate-shock rats froze less frequently than delayed-shock rats at any preexposure period. This illustrates the importance of the placement-shock interval in the context-shock conditioning.
Right : This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of contextual preexposure on the context-shock conditioning in rats. Seventy-two albino rats were first placed in an experimental chamber for 5 min without electric shock (contextual preexposure) for a few days (0, 1, 3 or 7 days), and then received a shock (1mA, 2 s) with either 1s (immediate-shock) or 180 s (delayed-shock) placement-shock interval. They were observed on the next day after the shock. The rats which experienced 3 days of preexposure exhibited freezing more frequently than those experienced 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. Seven days of preexposure decreased freezing. These results suggest the nonmonotonic effects of preexposure: the effects of facilitation and latent inhibition of conditional freezing. Immediate-shock rats with 3 days of preexposure exhibited as frequent freezing as delayed-shock rats with 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. This suggests that some relevant amount of preexposure could alleviate the decrease of freezing observed in the immediate-shock rats. However, immediate-shock rats froze less frequently than delayed-shock rats at any preexposure period. This illustrates the importance of the placement-shock interval in the context-shock conditioning.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning _??_ Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Blanchard, R. J., Fukunaga, K. K., & Blanchard, D. C. 1976 Environmental control of defensive reactions to footshock. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 8, 129 130.
Fanselow, M. S. 1982 The postshock activity burst. Animal Learning _??_ Behavior, 10, 448-454.
Fanselow, M. S. 1986 Associative vs topographical accounts of the immediate shock-freezing deficit in rats: Implications for the response selection rules governing species-specific defensive reactions. Learning _??_ Motivation, 17, 16-39.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus-substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimental approach to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Pp. 151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning _??_ Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Lubow, R. E. 1973 Latent inhibition. Psychological Bulletin, 79, 398-407.
Lubow, R. E., & Moore, A. U. 1959 Latent inhibition: The effect of nonreinforced pre-exposure to the conditional stimulus. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 415-419

Right : Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Blanchard, R. J., Fukunaga, K. K., & Blanchard, D. C. 1976 Environmental control of defensive reactions to footshock. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 8, 129-130.
Fanselow, M. S. 1982 The postshock activity burst. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 448-454.
Fanselow, M. S. 1986 Associative vs topographical accounts of the immediate shock-freezing deficit in rats: Implications for the response selection rules governing species-specific defensive reactions. Learning & Motivation, 17, 16-39.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus-substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimental approach to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. pp.151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Lubow, R. E. 1973 Latent inhibition. Psychological Bulletin, 79, 398-407.
Lubow, R. E., & Moore, A.U. 1959 Latent inhibition: The effect of nonreinforced pre-exposure to the conditional stimulus. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 415-419.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of contextual preexposure on the context-shock conditioning in rats. Seventy-two albino rats were first placed in an experimental chamber for 5 min without electric shock (contextual preexposure) for a few days (0, 1, 3 or 7 days), and then received a shock (1mA, 2 s) with either 1s (immediate-shock) or 180 s (delayed-shock) placement-shock interval. They were observed on the next day after the shock. The rats which experienced 3 days of preexposure exhibited freezing more frequently than those experienced 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. Seven days of preexposure decreased freezing. These results suggest the nonmonotonic effects of preexposure: the effects of facilitation and latent inhibition of conditional freezing. Immediate-shock rats with 3 days of preexposure exhibited as frequent freezing as delayed-shock rats with 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. This suggests that some relevant amount of preexposure could alleviate the decrease of freezing observed in the immediate-shock rats. However, immediate-shock rats froze less frequently than delayed-shock rats at any preexposure period. This illustrates the importance of the placement-shock interval in the context-shock conditioning.
Right : This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of contextual preexposure on the context-shock conditioning in rats. Seventy-two albino rats were first placed in an experimental chamber for 5 min without electric shock (contextual preexposure) for a few days (0, 1, 3 or 7 days), and then received a shock (1 mA, 2 s) with either 1 s (immediate-shock) or 180 s (delayed-shock) placement-shock interval. They were observed on the next day after the shock. The rats which experienced 3 days of preexposure exhibited freezing more frequently than those experienced 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. Seven days of preexposure decreased freezing. These results suggest the nonmonotonic effects of preexposure: the effects of facilitation and latent inhibition of conditional freezing. Immediate-shock rats with 3 days of preexposure exhibited as frequent freezing as delayed-shock rats with 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. This suggests that some relevant amount of preexposure could alleviate the decrease of freezing observed in the immediate-shock rats. However, immediate-shock rats froze less frequently than delayed-shock rats at any preexposure period. This illustrates the importance of the placement-shock interval in the context-shock conditioning.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Blanchard, R. J., Fukunaga, K. K., & Blanchard, D. C. 1976 Environmental control of defensive reactions to footshock. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 8, 129-130.
Fanselow, M. S. 1982 The postshock activity burst. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 448-454.
Fanselow, M. S. 1986 Associative vs topographical accounts of the immediate shock-freezing deficit in rats: Implications for the response selection rules governing species-specific defensive reactions. Learning & Motivation, 17, 16-39.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus-substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimental approach to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. pp.151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Lubow, R. E. 1973 Latent inhibition. Psychological Bulletin, 79, 398-407.
Lubow, R. E., & Moore, A.U. 1959 Latent inhibition: The effect of nonreinforced pre-exposure to the conditional stimulus. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 415-419.

Right : Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Blanchard, R. J., Fukunaga, K. K., & Blanchard, D. C. 1976 Environmental control of defensive reactions to footshock. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 8, 129-130.
Fanselow, M. S. 1982 The postshock activity burst. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 448-454.
Fanselow, M. S. 1986 Associative vs topographical accounts of the immediate shock-freezing deficit in rats: Implications for the response selection rules governing species-specific defensive reactions. Learning & Motivation, 17, 16-39.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus-substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimental approach to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Pp.151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Lubow, R. E. 1973 Latent inhibition. Psychological Bulletin, 79, 398-407.
Lubow, R. E., & Moore, A. U. 1959 Latent inhibition: The effect of nonreinforced pre-exposure to the conditional stimulus. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 415-419.

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of contextual preexposure on the context-shock conditioning in rats. Seventy-two albino rats were first placed in an experimental chamber for 5 min without electric shock (contextual preexposure) for a few days (0, 1, 3 or 7 days), and then received a shock (1 mA, 2 s) with either 1 s (immediate-shock) or 180 s (delayed-shock) placement-shock interval. They were observed on the next day after the shock. The rats which experienced 3 days of preexposure exhibited freezing more frequently than those experienced 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. Seven days of preexposure decreased freezing. These results suggest the nonmonotonic effects of preexposure: the effects of facilitation and latent inhibition of conditional freezing. Immediate-shock rats with 3 days of preexposure exhibited as frequent freezing as delayed-shock rats with 0 day and 1 day of preexposure. This suggests that some relevant amount of preexposure could alleviate the decrease of freezing observed in the immediate-shock rats. However, immediate-shock rats froze less frequently than delayed-shock rats at any preexposure period. This illustrates the importance of the placement-shock interval in the context-shock conditioning.

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