Visual evoked potentials to geometric forms

MOTOO ITO; TATSUYA SUGATA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.37.221

MOTOO ITO, TATSUYA SUGATA

Author information

Keywords: form perception, geometric figures, transient visual evoked potentials

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1995 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 221-228

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.37.221

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Published: December 25, 1995 Received: December 06, 1993 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: September 03, 1994 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : We recorded transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to three kinds of geometric figures (equilateral triangle, square, and circle). These three figures were of equal area, equal contour length, or equal ratio of contour length to area. They were presented monocularly below the fixation point (FP). Angular separation between FP and the figure was held constant. Transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded monopolarly from seven electrodes around the occipital area of eight subjects. The grand average of the subtracted waves was obtained between the figure and blank (control) conditions. N1 (mean peak latency: 160ms) and P2 (240ms) waves were identified. ANOVAs were conducted for latency and amplitude. For the N1 amplitude, the triangle evoked a significantly larger response than did the other two figures in all stimulus conditions. No significant difference was found between the square and the circle. A similar effect was obtained for the P2 amplitude, but it was not as remarkable as for the N1 amplitude. There was no significant effect of form on the N1 and P2 latencies.
Right : We recorded transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to three kinds of geometric figures (equilateral triangle, square, and circle). These three figures were of equal area, equal contour length, or equal ratio of contour length to area. They were presented monocularly below the fixation point (FP). Angular separation between FP and the figure was held constant. Transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded monopolarly from seven electrodes around the occipital area of eight subjects. The grand average of the subtracted waves was obtained between the figure and blank (control) conditions. N1 (mean peak latency: 160 ms) and P2 (240 ms) waves were identified. ANOVAs were conducted for latency and amplitude. For the N1 amplitude, the triangle evoked a significantly larger response than did the other two figures in all stimulus conditions. No significant difference was found between the square and the circle. A similar effect was obtained for the P2 amplitude, but it was not as remarkable as for the NI amplitude. There was no significanteffect of form on the NI and P2 latencies.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: Wrong : MOTOO ITO¹⁾, TATSUYA SUGATA¹⁾²⁾
Right : MOTOO ITO¹⁾, TATSUYA SUGATA¹⁾

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Aichi Gakuin University
2) Department of Social Wekfare, Holy Cross College

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters. Aichi Gakuin University

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Barber, C. (Ed.) 1980 Evoked potentials. Lancaster: MTP Press.
Desmedt, J. E. (Ed.) 1977 Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Desmedt, J. E. (Ed.) 1990 Visual evoked potentials. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
DeVoe, R. G., Ripps, H., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. 1968 Cortical responses to stimulation of the human fovea. Vision Research, 8, 135-147.
Dondis, D. A. 1973 A primer of visual literacy. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Ermolaev, R. Y. 1985 Retinal factors affecting visual evoked potentials. In D. Papakostopoulos, S. Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm. Pp. 30-65.
Ermolaev, R. Y., & Kleinman, D. 1983 The effect of background illumination on pattern onset visualevoked potentials. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 55, 546-556.
Ishii, K., & Tsuji, K. 1979 Discriminatory ability of pattern in the cat: The effect of orientation-free presentation. Japanese Psychological Research, 21, 114-121.
Ito, M. 1986 Influences of the difference of an achromatic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials. Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin University, 16, 1-12. (In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M. 1987 Influences of the difference of an achromatic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials (2). Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin University, 17, 54-70. (In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M., Sugata, T., & Kuwabara, H. 1991 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (6). The Proceedings of the 55th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 11. (In Japanese)
Ito, M., Sugishita, M., Ito, H., Miyake, S., & Tsuji, K. 1981 A relationship between the Broca-Sulzer effects and visually evoked potentials. Japanese Psychological Research, 23, 140-148.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1977 The physiological significance of pattern visual evoked potentials. In J. E. Desmedt (Ed.), Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Pp. 134-167.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1989 Evoked potential studies of contour processing in human visual cortex. In J. J. Kulikowski, C. M. Dickinson, & I. J. Murray (Eds.), Seeing contour and colour. London: Pergamon Press. Pp. 529-545.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972a Source locations of pattern-specific components of human visual evoked potentials. I. Component of striate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 1-21.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972b Source locations of pattern specific components of human visual evoked potentials. II. Component of extrastriate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 22-40.
John, E. R., Herrington, R. N., & Sutton, S. 1967 Effects of visual form on the evoked response. Science, 155, 1439-1442.
Kakigi, S., Miyazaki, M., & Mori, T. 1972 Effects of stimulus rotation, shape, and visual angle upon human visual evoked response. Japanese Psychological Research,14, 153-157.
Kinney, J. A. S. 1977 Transient visually evoked potential. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1465-1474.
Kriss, A., & Barrett, G. 1985 Checkerboard VEPs: A review of stimulus-response relationships. In D. Papakostopoulos, S. Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm. Pp. 1-29.
MacKay, D. M., & Jeffreys, D. A. 1973 Visually evoked potentials and visual perception in man, In R. Jung (Ed.), Handbook of sensory physiology 7/3B. Berlin: Springer. Pp. 647-648.
Morotomi, T. 1986 Pattern onset, offset and reversal VEPs induced by upper, lower, left and right field stimulation. Clinical Electroencephalography, 28, 171-181. (In Japanese)
Morotomi, T. 1992 Visual perception and visual evoked potentials: A psychophysiological approach to visual perception. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, 57, 29-116. (In Japanese)
Moskowitz, A. F., Armington, J. C., & Timberlake, G. 1974 Corners, receptive fields, and visually evoked potentials. Perception and Psychophysics, 15, 325-330.
Nodar, R. H., & Barber, C. (Eds.) 1984 Evoked potentials II. Stoneham: Butterworth Publishers.
Papakostopoulos, D. Butler, S., & Martin, I. (Eds.) 1985 Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm.
Regan, D. 1977 Steady-state evoked potentials. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1475-1489.
Regan, D. 1989 Human brain electrophysiology: Evoked potentials and evoked magnetic fields in science and medicine. New York: Elsevier.
Regan, D., & Spekreijse, H. 1986 Evoked potentials in vision research 1951-86. Vision Research, 26, 1461-1480.
Rietveld. W. J., Tordoir, W. E. M., Hagenouw, J. R. B., Lubbers, J. A., & Spoor, Th. A. C. 1967 Visual evoked responses to blank and to checkerboard patterned flashes. Acta Physiologica et Pharmacologica Neerlandica, 14, 259-285.
Spehlmann, R. 1965 The averaged electrical responses to diffuse and to patterned light in the human. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 19, 560-569.
Sugata, T., Ito, M., Kuwabara, H., & Osaka, R. 1992 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (8). The proceedings of the 56th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 849. (In Japanese)
Torii, S. 1969 Form Perception. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo. Pp. 478-503. (In Japanese)
Yokose, Z. 1968 Psychology of visual perception. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Kyoritsu Shuppan. (In Japanese)
Zusne, L. 1970 Visual perception of form. New York: Academic Press.

Right : Barber, C.(Ed.) 1980 Evoked potentials. Lancaster: MTP Press.
Dessmedt, J. E.(Ed.) 1977 Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Desmedt, J. E.(Ed.) 1990 Visual evoked potentials, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
DeVoe, R. G., Ripps, H., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. 1968 Cortical responses to stimulation of the human fovea. Vision Research, 8, 135-147.
Dondis, D. A. 1973 A printer of visual literacy. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Ermolaev, R. Y. 1985 Retinal factors affecting visual evoked potentials. In D. Papakostopoulos, S.
Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiologv. London: Croom Helm. Pp.30-65.
Ermolaev, R. Y., & Kleinman, D. 1983 The effect of background illumination on pattern onset visual evoked potentials. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophvsiology, 55, 546-556.
Ishii, K., & Tsuji, K. 1979 Discriminatory ability of pattern in the cat: The effect of orientation-free presentation. Japanese Psychological Research, 21, 114-121.
Ito, M. 1986 Influences of the difference of an achromatic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials. Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin Universiry, 16, 1-12.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M. 1987 Influences of the difference of an achro matic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials (2). Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin University, 17, 54-70.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M., Sugata, T., & Kuwabara, H. 1991 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (6). The Proceedings of the 55th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, II.(In Japanese)
Ito, M., Sugishita, M., Ito, H., Miyake, S., & Tsuji, K. 1981 A relationship between the Broca-Sulzer effects and visually evoked potentials. Japanese Psychological Research, 23, 140-148.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1977 The physiological significance of pattern visual evoked potentials. In J. F. Desmedt (Ed.), Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Pp.134-167.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1989 Evoked potential studies of contour processing in human visual cortex. In J. J. Kulikowski, C. M. Dickinson, & I. J. Murray Eds., Seeing contour and colour. London: Pergamon Press. Pp.529-545.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972a Source locations of pattern-specific components of human visual evoked potentials. I. Component of striate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 1-21.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972b Source locations of pattern specific components of human visual evoked potentials. II. Component of extrastriate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 22-40.
John, E. R., Herrington, R. N., & Sutton, S. 1967 Effects of visual form on the evoked response. Science, 155, 1439-1442.
Kakigi, S., Miyazaki, M., & Mod, T. 1972 Effects of stimulus rotation, shape, and visual angle upon human visual evoked response. Japanese Psychological Research, 14, 153-157.
Kinney, J. A. S. 1977 Transient visually evoked potential. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1465-1474.
Kriss, A., & Barrett, G. 1985 Checkerboard VEPs: A review of stimulus-response relationships. In D. Papakostopoulos, S. Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm. Pp.1-29.
MacKay, D. M., & Jeffreys, D. A. 1973 Visually evoked potentials and visual perception in man, In R. Jung (Ed.), Handbook of sensory physiology 7/38. Berlin: Springer. Pp.647-648.
Morotomi, T. 1986 Pattern onset, offset and reversal VEPs induced by upper, lower, left and right field stimulation. Clinical Electroencephalography, 28, 171-181.(In Japanese)
Morotomi, T. 1992 Visual perception and visual evoked potentials: A psychophysiological approach to visual perception. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, 57, 29-116.(In Japanese)
Moskowitz, A. F., Armington, J. C., & Timberlake, G. 1974 Corners, receptive fields, and visually evoked potentials. Perception and Psychophysics, 15, 325-330.
Nodar, R. H., & Barber, C.(Eds.) 1984 Evoked potentials H. Stoneham: Butterworth Publishers.
Papakostopoulos, D. Butler, S., & Martin, I.(Eds.) 1985 Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm.
Regan, D. 1977 Steady-state evoked potentials. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1475-1489.
Regan, D. 1989 Human brain electrophysiology: Evoked potentials and evoked magnetic fields in science and medicine. New York: Elsevier.
Regan, D., & Spekreijse, H. 1986 Evoked potentials in vision research 1951-86. Vision Research, 26, 1461-1.480.
Rietveld. W. J., Tordoir, W. E. M., Hagenouw, J. R. B., Lubbers, J. A., & Spoor, Th. A. C. 1967 Visual evoked responses to blank and to checkerboard patterned flashes. Acra Physiologica et Pharmacologica Neerlandica, 14, 259-285.
Spehlmann, R. 1965 The averaged electrical responses to diffuse and to patterned light in the human. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 19, 560-569.
Sugata, T., Ito, M., Kuwabara, H., & Osaka, R. 1992 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (8). The proceedings of the 56th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 849.(In Japanese)
Torii, S. 1969 Form Perception. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo. Pp.478-503.(In Japanese)
Yokose, Z. 1968 Psychology of visual perception. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Kyoritsu Shuppan.(In Japanese)
Zusne, L. 1970 Visual perception of form. New York: Academic Press.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : We recorded transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to three kinds of geometric figures (equilateral triangle, square, and circle). These three figures were of equal area, equal contour length, or equal ratio of contour length to area. They were presented monocularly below the fixation point (FP). Angular separation between FP and the figure was held constant. Transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded monopolarly from seven electrodes around the occipital area of eight subjects. The grand average of the subtracted waves was obtained between the figure and blank (control) conditions. N1 (mean peak latency: 160 ms) and P2 (240 ms) waves were identified. ANOVAs were conducted for latency and amplitude. For the N1 amplitude, the triangle evoked a significantly larger response than did the other two figures in all stimulus conditions. No significant difference was found between the square and the circle. A similar effect was obtained for the P2 amplitude, but it was not as remarkable as for the NI amplitude. There was no significanteffect of form on the NI and P2 latencies.
Right : We recorded transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to three kinds of geometric figures (equilateral triangle. square, and circle). These three figures were of equal area, equal contour length, or equal ratio of contour length to area. They were presented monocularly below the fixation point (FP). Angular separation between FP and the figure was held constant. Transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded monopolarly from seven electrodes around the occipital area of eight subjects. The grand average of the subtracted waves was obtained between the figure and blank (control) conditions. N1 (mean peak latency: 160 ms) and P2 (240 ms) waves were identified. ANOV As were conducted for latency and amplitude. For the N1 amplitude, the triangle evoked a significantly larger response than did the other two figures in all stimulus conditions. No significant difference was found between the square and the circle. A similar effect was obtained for the P2 amplitude, but it was not as remarkable as for the N1 amplitude. There was no significant effect of form on the N1 and P2 latencies.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters. Aichi Gakuin University

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Aichi Gakuin University

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Barber, C.(Ed.) 1980 Evoked potentials. Lancaster: MTP Press.
Dessmedt, J. E.(Ed.) 1977 Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Desmedt, J. E.(Ed.) 1990 Visual evoked potentials, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
DeVoe, R. G., Ripps, H., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. 1968 Cortical responses to stimulation of the human fovea. Vision Research, 8, 135-147.
Dondis, D. A. 1973 A printer of visual literacy. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Ermolaev, R. Y. 1985 Retinal factors affecting visual evoked potentials. In D. Papakostopoulos, S.
Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiologv. London: Croom Helm. Pp.30-65.
Ermolaev, R. Y., & Kleinman, D. 1983 The effect of background illumination on pattern onset visual evoked potentials. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophvsiology, 55, 546-556.
Ishii, K., & Tsuji, K. 1979 Discriminatory ability of pattern in the cat: The effect of orientation-free presentation. Japanese Psychological Research, 21, 114-121.
Ito, M. 1986 Influences of the difference of an achromatic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials. Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin Universiry, 16, 1-12.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M. 1987 Influences of the difference of an achro matic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials (2). Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin University, 17, 54-70.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M., Sugata, T., & Kuwabara, H. 1991 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (6). The Proceedings of the 55th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, II.(In Japanese)
Ito, M., Sugishita, M., Ito, H., Miyake, S., & Tsuji, K. 1981 A relationship between the Broca-Sulzer effects and visually evoked potentials. Japanese Psychological Research, 23, 140-148.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1977 The physiological significance of pattern visual evoked potentials. In J. F. Desmedt (Ed.), Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Pp.134-167.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1989 Evoked potential studies of contour processing in human visual cortex. In J. J. Kulikowski, C. M. Dickinson, & I. J. Murray Eds., Seeing contour and colour. London: Pergamon Press. Pp.529-545.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972a Source locations of pattern-specific components of human visual evoked potentials. I. Component of striate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 1-21.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972b Source locations of pattern specific components of human visual evoked potentials. II. Component of extrastriate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 22-40.
John, E. R., Herrington, R. N., & Sutton, S. 1967 Effects of visual form on the evoked response. Science, 155, 1439-1442.
Kakigi, S., Miyazaki, M., & Mod, T. 1972 Effects of stimulus rotation, shape, and visual angle upon human visual evoked response. Japanese Psychological Research, 14, 153-157.
Kinney, J. A. S. 1977 Transient visually evoked potential. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1465-1474.
Kriss, A., & Barrett, G. 1985 Checkerboard VEPs: A review of stimulus-response relationships. In D. Papakostopoulos, S. Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm. Pp.1-29.
MacKay, D. M., & Jeffreys, D. A. 1973 Visually evoked potentials and visual perception in man, In R. Jung (Ed.), Handbook of sensory physiology 7/38. Berlin: Springer. Pp.647-648.
Morotomi, T. 1986 Pattern onset, offset and reversal VEPs induced by upper, lower, left and right field stimulation. Clinical Electroencephalography, 28, 171-181.(In Japanese)
Morotomi, T. 1992 Visual perception and visual evoked potentials: A psychophysiological approach to visual perception. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, 57, 29-116.(In Japanese)
Moskowitz, A. F., Armington, J. C., & Timberlake, G. 1974 Corners, receptive fields, and visually evoked potentials. Perception and Psychophysics, 15, 325-330.
Nodar, R. H., & Barber, C.(Eds.) 1984 Evoked potentials H. Stoneham: Butterworth Publishers.
Papakostopoulos, D. Butler, S., & Martin, I.(Eds.) 1985 Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm.
Regan, D. 1977 Steady-state evoked potentials. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1475-1489.
Regan, D. 1989 Human brain electrophysiology: Evoked potentials and evoked magnetic fields in science and medicine. New York: Elsevier.
Regan, D., & Spekreijse, H. 1986 Evoked potentials in vision research 1951-86. Vision Research, 26, 1461-1.480.
Rietveld. W. J., Tordoir, W. E. M., Hagenouw, J. R. B., Lubbers, J. A., & Spoor, Th. A. C. 1967 Visual evoked responses to blank and to checkerboard patterned flashes. Acra Physiologica et Pharmacologica Neerlandica, 14, 259-285.
Spehlmann, R. 1965 The averaged electrical responses to diffuse and to patterned light in the human. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 19, 560-569.
Sugata, T., Ito, M., Kuwabara, H., & Osaka, R. 1992 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (8). The proceedings of the 56th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 849.(In Japanese)
Torii, S. 1969 Form Perception. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo. Pp.478-503.(In Japanese)
Yokose, Z. 1968 Psychology of visual perception. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Kyoritsu Shuppan.(In Japanese)
Zusne, L. 1970 Visual perception of form. New York: Academic Press.

Right : Barber, C.(Ed.) 1980 Evoked potentials. Lancaster: MTP Press.
Desmedt, J. E.(Ed.) 1977 Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Desmedt, J. E.(Ed.) 1990 Visual evoked potentials. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
DeVoe, R. G., Ripps, H., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. 1968 Cortical responses to stimulation of the human fovea. Vision Research, 8, 135-147.
Dondis, D. A. 1973 A primer of visual literacy. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Ermolaev, R. Y. 1985 Retinal factors affecting visual evoked potentials. In D. Papakostopoulos, S.
Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm. Pp.30-65.
Ermolaev, R. Y., & Kleinman, D. 1983 The effect of background illumination on pattern onset visual evoked potentials. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 55, 546-556.
Ishii, K., & Tsuji, K. 1979 Discriminatory ability of pattern in the cat: The effect of orientation-free presentation. Japanese Psychological Research, 21, 114-121.
Ito, M. 1986 Influences of the difference of an achromatic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials. Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin University, 16, 1-12.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M. 1987 Influences of the difference of an achromatic color value between the figure and its background upon visual evoked potentials (2). Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters of Aichi Gakuin University, 17, 54-70.(In Japanese with English summary)
Ito, M., Sugata, T., & Kuwabara, H. 1991 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (6). The Proceedings of the 55th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 11.(In Japanese)
Ito, M., Sugishita, M., Ito, H., Miyake, S., & Tsuji, K. 1981 A relationship between the Broca-Sulzer effects and visually evoked potentials. Japanese Psychological Research, 23, 140-148.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1977 The physiological significance of pattern visual evoked potentials. In J. E. Desmedt (Ed.), Visual evoked potentials in man: New developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Pp.134-167.
Jeffreys, D. A. 1989 Evoked potential studies of contour processing in human visual cortex. In J. J. Kulikowski, C. M. Dickinson, & I. J. Murray Eds., Seeing contour and colour. London: Pergamon Press. Pp.529-545.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972a Source locations of pattern-specific components of human visual evoked potentials. I. Component of striate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 1-21.
Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. 1972b Source locations of pattern specific components of human visual evoked potentials. II. Component of extrastriate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 22-40.
John, E. R., Herrington, R. N., & Sutton, S. 1967 Effects of visual form on the evoked response. Science, 155, 1439-1442.
Kakigi, S., Miyazaki, M., & Mod, T. 1972 Effects of stimulus rotation, shape, and visual angle upon human visual evoked response. Japanese Psychological Research, 14, 153-157.
Kinney, J. A. S. 1977 Transient visually evoked potential. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1465-1474.
Kriss, A., & Barrett, G. 1985 Checkerboard VEPs: A review of stimulus-response relationships. In D. Papakostopoulos, S. Butler, & I. Martin (Eds.), Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm, Pp.1-29.
MacKay, D. M., & Jeffreys, D. A. 1973 Visually evoked potentials and visual perception in man, In R. Jung (Ed.), Handbook of sensory physiology 7/3B. Berlin: Springer. Pp.647-648.
Morotomi, T. 1986 Pattern onset, offset and reversal VEPs induced by upper, lower, left and right field stimulation. Clinical Electroencephalography, 28, 171-181.(In Japanese)
Morotomi, T. 1992 Visual perception and visual evoked potentials: A psychophysiological approach to visual perception. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, 57, 29-116.(In Japanese)
Moskowitz, A. F., Armington, J. C., & Timberlake, G. 1974 Corners, receptive fields, and visually evoked potentials. Perception and Psychophysics, 15, 325-330.
Nodar, R. H., & Barber, C.(Eds.) 1984 Evoked potentials II. Stoneham: Butterworth Publishers.
Papakostopoulos, D. Butler, S., & Martin, I.(Eds.) 1985 Clinical and experimental neuropsychophysiology. London: Croom Helm.
Regan, D. 1977 Steady-state evoked potentials. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1475-1489.
Regan, D. 1989 Human brain electrophysiology: Evoked potentials and evoked magnetic fields in science and medicine. New York: Elsevier.
Regan, D., & Spekreijse, H. 1986 Evoked potentials in vision research 1951-86. Vision Research, 26, 1461-1480.
Rietveld. W. J., Tordoir, W. E. M., Hagenouw, J. R. B., Lubbers, J. A., & Spoor, Th. A. C. 1967 Visual evoked responses to blank and to checkerboard patterned flashes. Acta Physiologica et Pharmacologica Neerlandica, 14, 259-285.
Spehlmann, R. 1965 The averaged electrical responses to diffuse and to patterned light in the human. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 19, 560-569.
Sugata, T., Ito, M., Kuwabara, H., & Osaka, R. 1992 The relationship between figure perception and visual evoked potentials: Effects of figure form (8). The proceedings of the 56th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 849.(In Japanese)
Torii, S. 1969 Form Perception. In Y. Wada, T. Oyama & S. Imai (Eds.), Handbook of sensory and perceptual psychology. Tokyo: Seishinshobo. Pp.478-503.(In Japanese)
Yokose, Z. 1968 Psychology of visual perception. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Kyoritsu Shuppan.(In Japanese)
Zusne, L. 1970 Visual perception of form. New York: Academic Press.

Abstract

We recorded transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to three kinds of geometric figures (equilateral triangle. square, and circle). These three figures were of equal area, equal contour length, or equal ratio of contour length to area. They were presented monocularly below the fixation point (FP). Angular separation between FP and the figure was held constant. Transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded monopolarly from seven electrodes around the occipital area of eight subjects. The grand average of the subtracted waves was obtained between the figure and blank (control) conditions. N1 (mean peak latency: 160 ms) and P2 (240 ms) waves were identified. ANOV As were conducted for latency and amplitude. For the N1 amplitude, the triangle evoked a significantly larger response than did the other two figures in all stimulus conditions. No significant difference was found between the square and the circle. A similar effect was obtained for the P2 amplitude, but it was not as remarkable as for the N1 amplitude. There was no significant effect of form on the N1 and P2 latencies.

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