Overshadowing between two contextual stimuli in rats

TAKASHI TAKIGASAKI

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.37.247

TAKASHI TAKIGASAKI

Author information

Keywords: overshadowing, contextual stimulus, freezing response, electric shock, rats

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1995 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 247-251

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.37.247

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Published: December 25, 1995 Received: September 24, 1993 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: September 03, 1994 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Baker, A. G., & Mackintosh, N. J. 1979 Preexposure to the CS alone, US alone, or CS and US uncorrelated: Latent inhibition, blocking by context or learned irrelevance? Learning and Motivation, 10, 278-294.
Baker, A. G., Singh, M.. & Bindra, D. 1985 Some effects of contextual conditioning and US predictability on Pavlovian conditioning. In P. D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 73-103.
Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Balsam, P. D., & Schwartz, A. L. 1981 Rapid contextual conditioning in autoshaping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes,7, 382-393.
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. 1969 Crouching as an index of fear. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 67, 370-375.
Blanchard, R. J., Dielman, T. E., & Blanchard, D. C. 1968 Prolonged aftereffects of a single foot shock. Psychonomic Science, 10, 327-328.
Bolles, R. C., & Collier, A. C. 1976 The effect of predictive cues on freezing in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 4, 6-8.
Bouton, M. E., & King, D. A. 1983 Contextual control of extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 248-265.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard, & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimerual approaches to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Pp. 151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Randich, A., & LoLordo, V. M. 1979 Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 523-548.
Rescorla, R. A., Durlach, P. J., & Grau, L W. 1985 Contextual learning in Pavlovian conditioning. In P. D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 23-56.

Right : Baker, A. G., & Mackintosh, N. J. 1979 Preexposure to the CS alone, US alone, or CS and US uncorrelated: Latent inhibition, blocking by context or learned irrelevance? Learning and Motivation, 10, 278-294.
Baker, A. G., Singh, M. & Bindra, D. 1985 Some effects of contextual conditioning and US predictability on Pavlovian conditioning. In P. D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.73-103.
Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Balsam, P. D., & Schwartz, A. L. 1981 Rapid contextual conditioning in autoshaping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 7, 382-393.
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. 1969 Crouching as an index of fear. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 67, 370-375.
Blanchard, R. J., Dielman, T. E., & Blanchard, D. C. 1968 Prolonged aftereffects of a single foot shock. Psvchonomic Science, 10, 327-328.
Bolles, R. C., & Collier, A. C. 1976 The effect of predictive cues on freezing in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 4, 6-8.
Bouton, M. E., & King, D. A. 1983 Contextual control of extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 248-265.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard, & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimental approaches to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Pp.151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Randich, A., & LoLordo, V. M. 1979 Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 523-548.
Rescorla, R. A., Durlach, P. J., & Grau, J. W. 1985 Contextual learning in Pavlovian conditioning. In P.D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.23-56.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether overshadowing occurred between two contextual stimuli (light and tone) in Pavlovian conditioning of rats. Thirty-two albino rats, randomly assigned to four groups, were individually placed in a chamber, in which light, tone or both served as contextual stimuli. A single electric shock (1 mA, 2-s) was delivered to the floor during once-a-day 5min sessions for 5 consecutive days (conditioning phase). The day after finishing the conditioning phase, each was placed for 5min in the chamber, and light or tone was presented as a contextual stimulus (test phase). The group of rats exposed to both stimuli during the conditioning sessions but to light only during the test session (LT/L) froze less frequently in the test phase than in the conditioning phase. The other three groups (LT/T, T/T, and L/L) froze in the test phase as frequently as in the conditioning phase. These results suggest that the tone overshadowed a light when both of them were presented together as contextual stimuli of conditioning.
Right : The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether overshadowing occurred between two contextual stimuli (light and tone) in Pavlovian conditioning of rats. Thirty-two albino rats, randomly assigned to four groups, were individually placed in a chamber, in which light, tone or both served as contextual stimuli. A single electric shock (1mA, 2-s) was delivered to the floor during once-a-day 5 min sessions for 5 consecutive days (conditioning phase). The day after finishing-the conditioning phase, each was placed for 5 min in the chamber, and light or tone was presented as a contextual stimulus (test phase). The group of rats exposed to both stimuli during the conditioning sessions but to light only during the test session (LT/L) froze less frequently in the test phase than in the conditioning phase. The other three groups (LT/T, T/T, and L/L) froze in the test phase as frequently as in the conditioning phase. These results suggest that the tone overshadowed a light when both of them were presented together as contextual stimuli of conditioning.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Baker, A. G., & Mackintosh, N. J. 1979 Preexposure to the CS alone, US alone, or CS and US uncorrelated: Latent inhibition, blocking by context or learned irrelevance? Learning and Motivation, 10, 278-294.
Baker, A. G., Singh, M. & Bindra, D. 1985 Some effects of contextual conditioning and US predictability on Pavlovian conditioning. In P. D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.73-103.
Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Balsam, P. D., & Schwartz, A. L. 1981 Rapid contextual conditioning in autoshaping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 7, 382-393.
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. 1969 Crouching as an index of fear. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 67, 370-375.
Blanchard, R. J., Dielman, T. E., & Blanchard, D. C. 1968 Prolonged aftereffects of a single foot shock. Psvchonomic Science, 10, 327-328.
Bolles, R. C., & Collier, A. C. 1976 The effect of predictive cues on freezing in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 4, 6-8.
Bouton, M. E., & King, D. A. 1983 Contextual control of extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 248-265.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard, & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimental approaches to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Pp.151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Randich, A., & LoLordo, V. M. 1979 Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 523-548.
Rescorla, R. A., Durlach, P. J., & Grau, J. W. 1985 Contextual learning in Pavlovian conditioning. In P.D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.23-56.

Right : Baker, A. G., & Mackintosh, N. J. 1979 Preexposure to the CS alone, US alone, or CS and US uncorrelated: Latent inhibition, blocking by context or learned irrelevance? Learning and Motivation, 10, 278-294.
Baker, A. G., Singh, M. & Bindra, D. 1985 Some effects of contextual conditioning and US predictability on Pavlovian conditioning. In P. D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.73-103.
Balaz, M. A., Capra, S., Kasprow, W. J., & Miller, R. R. 1982 Latent inhibition of the conditioning context: Further evidence of contextual potentiation of retrieval in the absence of appreciable context-US associations. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 242-248.
Balsam, P. D., & Schwartz, A. L. 1981 Rapid contextual conditioning in autoshaping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 7, 382-393.
Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. 1969 Crouching as an index of fear. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 67, 370-375.
Blanchard, R. J., Dielman, T. E., & Blanchard, D. C. 1968 Prolonged aftereffects of a single foot shock. Psychonomic Science, 10, 327-328.
Bolles, R. C., & Collier, A. C. 1976 The effect of predictive cues on freezing in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 4, 6-8.
Bouton, M. E., & King, D. A. 1983 Contextual control of extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 248-265.
Fanselow, M. S. 1989 The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus substitution theory. In R. J. Blanchard, P. F. Brain, D. C. Blanchard, & S. Parmigiani (Eds.), Ethoexperimental approaches to the study of behavior. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Pp.151-166.
Fanselow, M. S. 1990 Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 264-270.
Randich, A., & LoLordo, V. M. 1979 Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 523-548.
Rescorla, R. A., Durlach, P. J., & Grau, J. W. 1985 Contextual learning in Pavlovian conditioning. In P. D. Balsam & A. Tomie (Eds.), Context and learning. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.23-56.

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether overshadowing occurred between two contextual stimuli (light and tone) in Pavlovian conditioning of rats. Thirty-two albino rats, randomly assigned to four groups, were individually placed in a chamber, in which light, tone or both served as contextual stimuli. A single electric shock (1mA, 2-s) was delivered to the floor during once-a-day 5 min sessions for 5 consecutive days (conditioning phase). The day after finishing-the conditioning phase, each was placed for 5 min in the chamber, and light or tone was presented as a contextual stimulus (test phase). The group of rats exposed to both stimuli during the conditioning sessions but to light only during the test session (LT/L) froze less frequently in the test phase than in the conditioning phase. The other three groups (LT/T, T/T, and L/L) froze in the test phase as frequently as in the conditioning phase. These results suggest that the tone overshadowed a light when both of them were presented together as contextual stimuli of conditioning.

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