静止画像上の人物に対する奥行距離の知覚

抄録

Photographic images were used to examine the perception of the distance to a single human figure (the absolute distance) or the depth interval between two human figures (the relative distance). The subjects made adjustments to the figures by changing their size and position. In the absolute distance condition 10 participants made adjustments to a human figure so that the absolute distance was perceived to be from 10-70m. In the relative distance condition 20 participants adjusted the image of one of two human figures which were displayed side by side. The figure on the right side was fixed at intervals of 10m between from 10-70m from the camera. The participants adjusted the figure on the left so that the relative distance was perceived to be from 10-60m behind the figure on the right. The results indicated that perceived absolute distances were nearly equal to actual distances even when the background did not contain depth cues. This suggests that the retinal size of human figures in photographs is a powerful determinant for the perception of absolute distances. However, the results also indicated that the relative distances were consistently underestimated. These findings suggest that relative distances cannot be predicted from two corresponding absolute distances. Consequently for depth perception, the manner of processing information for the perception of absolute distance might be different from the manner of processing information for the perception of relative distance.