エラーか合理性理解の出発点か？――認知バイアスの意味を再考する――

抄録

In this paper, I discuss phenomena called cognitive biases. In general, cognitive biases are often regarded as “errors.” However, I argue that cognitive biases should be a starting point for understanding the rational side of human cognition and this view leads to an essential understanding of human cognition. As a specific example, I discuss the anchoring effect. The anchoring effect is generally understood as an error people show when making numerical estimations. However, I point out that there are few previous findings showing that anchor-biased estimation results in costs and errors. In addition, I argue the possibility that anchor-biased estimation reflects the diversity of human thinking and such estimation can produce rational estimation.