2010 Volume 38 Issue 4_5 Pages 215-221
Jet thrusts of several kinds of liquids issuing through small orifices were measured and compared with the predictions from numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations. Reasonable agreements for so-called Newtonian fluids were obtained between the experimental and predicted thrusts for capillaries and orifices with openings of the order of 100 μm size, but the experimental thrusts were found to be below the predictions for orifices of the order of 10 μm. It was suggested that water and glycerol solutions have an elastic property for elongational flows passing through small orifices. As to surfactant aqueous solutions, cationic surfactant(BC) and non-ionic surfactant(AE(23)) provided thrusts lower than those of water, but anionic surfactant(LAS) showed almost the same thrusts as water. Also, lower thrusts were measured for dilute polymer aqueous solutions of PEO(18). A mean elastic stress for the tested liquids was evaluated by using the measured thrusts, and discussion was made on the idea that flows near the wall are affected by an interaction between anions on the surface of orifice and charged molecules of surfactants.
