Abstract
Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can presentwith a variety of symptoms. When interstitial pneumonia occurs during ICI therapy, immune-related pneumonia should be ruled out. We report a case of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed during lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (LP) therapy. The patient, 57 years old with multiple lung metastases, had undergone six cycles of adjuvant paclitaxel plus carboplatin (TC) chemotherapy for endometrial cancer. One year and six months after completing TC therapy, the disease progressed, prompting the initiation of LP therapy. After five cycles, the patient developed fever and hypoxemia, and computed tomography imaging revealed ground-glass opacities in bilateral lung fields. Laboratory test results showed elevated beta-D-glucan levels, and Pneumocystis jirovecii polymerase chain reaction assay of the bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed the diagnosis of PCP. The patient was treated with antifungal agents and steroids, after which LP therapy was resumed. One year later, the patient remained on LP therapy without recurrence of PCP. Pneumonia occurring during ICI treatment should be differentiated from drug-induced pneumonia, infectious etiologies, and other pulmonary conditions.〔Adv Obstet Gynecol, 78(1), 38-44, 2026(R8.2)〕
