フランス : 被占領国の戦時経済と経済ディリジズム (第2次大戦期の企業と労働)

抄録

The French war economy is characterized by the fact that the country was not independent but occupied by Germany. In this article, the author tries to identify some characteristics of the occupation economy during the war. In the first section, two aspects of the occupation economy are analysed and described. First, the way in which German military and civil organizatiorls worked to exploit the French economy. Second, the fact that, according to the statistical data (indices of industrial production, prices, wages, profits and so on), during the occupation the activities of the French economy were reduced by half. In the second section, the legislative and institutional aspects of the occupied economy become the focus of study. The first half of this section analyses the five major laws passed to organize the war economy in the industrial sector. Then the organization of the agricultural, banking and handicraft industries is studied using contemporary publications. In the latter half of the section the author describes the establishment of the Delegation Generale a l'EquiPement National. He concludes that there is a discontinuity between this and the post-liberation Monet Plan. Comites d'Organizations were important in the organisation of French industries during the war, so the third section is devoted to them. After verifying their structure and management, the author studies three specific cases (C.O.A., C.O.B.T.P, C.O.M.A.). It is concluded that these Comites d'Organizations were mainly tools to enable the Geman occupiers to exploit French industrial capacity. In the last chapter, the organisation of workers is studied, through an analysis of the charte de travail. Finally, the author concludes that the French war economy did not build the foundations of the rapid economic growth after the liberation.