The effects of three kinds of compatibilizers on the structure and mechanical properties of the blends of nylon 6/thermoplastic polyamide elastomer have been studied. The torque curves of melt blending showed that effective compatibilizers reacted with nylon 6 matrix with increasing blending time and they generated a uniform crystalline texture composed of fine spherullites and fine rubber particles. As a result, the impact strength of the alloys with effective compatibilizers was increased to 10.5 times of the nylon 6 matrix in the temparature range from -45 to 45°C. This is about double the impact strength of alloys without any compatibilizer. The effects of the addition of compatibilizers can be attributed to the generation of the fine uniform elastomer distribution rather than to the enhancement in the interfacial strength between the matrix and elastomer.