Abstract
Ion implantation is a unique technique for creating non-equilibrium phase surfaces or films, since atomic injection and atomic mixing can be effected at low temperatures without the restrictions of thermal diffusion or equilibrium phase diagrams. In this report we describe how ion implantation, including ion irradiation, can modify the microstructures of metals and synthesize specific structures such as metastable precipitates, amorphous phases, and quasicrystal phases. The application of ion implantation to surface and film modification to control the physical and chemical properties of the materials is also reviewd.
