南北朝期における山門・祗園社の本末関係と京都支配

抄録

This paper, focusing on Gion shrine, discusses the power of temples and shrines during the Nanboku Period.Despite the fact that the Gion shrine held a estival and organized local peasants and artisans (jinin神人) to support it, two acts that must have appealed to the urbanity of Kyoto, the Gion shrine itself has not yet been the object of study. Chapter one deals with the organization of the Gion shrine.The Gion shrine was the administrative organ of the kanjin'in mandokoro 感神院政所, which included the Enryakuji kengyo zasu 検校座主, betto 別当, and mokudai 目代, as well as Gion shrine lay monks, which in turn were comprised of the shigyo 執行, gon no chori 権長吏, gon no obetto 権大別当, gon no betto 権別当, sango 三綱, and shogo 小綱.It was the shigyo that actually played the role of directing the shrines lay monks.In addition to the lay monks, there were also the kunin 公人, jinin, miko 神子, and geinomin 芸能民, of whom a special kunin, the yorikata 寄方, had additional supervisory rights.Characteristics of head/branch temple relations can be discerned from the fact that the Gion shigyo was appointed by the Enryakuji zasu as well as from the existence of various independent relationships between both the Gion lay monks and the Enryakuji monks and between Gion shrine kunin and Enryakuji kunin. Chapter two considers the development of the Gion' shrine's administration of its shrine lands in Kyoto.We can confirm the shrine's rule of these areas through its collection of taxes, and its exercise of general policing rights.However, Enryakuji monks and monzeki 門跡 could purchase land within Gion's shrine lands;and whenever there were border disputes with other shrines, the cooperation of Enryakuji monks and kunin was necessary.Therefore, the land of the Gion shrine was still affected by head/branch temple relationships. Chapter three looks at the Gion shrine's role in maintaining an base of independence for Enryakuji within Kyoto.Enryakuji, when policing their various branch temples within Kyoto, as well as the hiejinin 日吉神人, utilized Enyrakuji kunin as well as Gion shrine kunin and inujinin 犬神人.However, compelling Gion shrine kunin and inujinin to participate in Enryakuji activities not only caused the Gion Shrine economic burdens, but when the Muromachi bakufu tried to grab power in Kyoto, the Gion shrine gradually took a stance of resistance towards Enryakuji.