律令制下の技術労働力 : 日唐における徴発規定をめぐって

抄録

The research to date on skilled forces of production under the Ritsuryo (Luling) systems in Japan and China has resulted in an accumulation of basic information, mainly from the aspect of social history. Recetly, the discovery of Tianshengling 天聖令 has been become the current topics. We cannot find the big difference between Tang's Ritsuryo and Japanese, in Eizenro 営繕令: the chapter of construction and manual industry. One notable exception, however, is article 7 of the Yoro 養老 Eizenryo pertaining to skilled labor, to which no comparable provision exists in the Chinese code. The article focuses on this difference revealed by the discovery of the Tianshengling to examine the issue of skilled labor in ancient Japan within the framework of legal institutions. To begin with, the author concludes that the provisions outlined by Article 7 were never implemented in China and were thus unique to Japan. Secondly, lying in the background of the insertion of Article 7 was the disbanding of organized groups of skilled laborers and the flow of technology into local society, making it necessary to enlist corvee labor requiring technological skills from a widely dispersed base. In addition, within the process of reorganizing groups of people (bemin 部民) whose labor was under the private control of powerful clans into subjects of the Ritsuryo state and the resulting appropriation of technicians from those groups, the Ministry of Civil Affairs (minkan 民官) took control of technology by registering them no differently than any other able bodied adult male (cho 丁) eligible to be enlisted for corvee. This is one way of explaining why the compilers of the Japanese Ritsuryo codes introduced Japanese-style form of control mechanism that seem to set up a unique provisions.