平安京の支配機構 : 在家支配を中心に

抄録

This essay is an investigation into the structure of governance for the Heian Capital during the tenth and eleventh centuries. Previous research on the Heian Capital as the classic model for both ancient and medieval cities in Japan has included work on its physical plan, research into the life of its residents through such sources as Konjaku Monogatari-shu 今昔物語集, and analyses of a social economic historical nature. It would seem therefore that the such practical problems as how the residents dispersed over this metropolitan space were taxed and controlled would have been already sufficiently dealt with ; however, such it not the case. It is in this spirit that the present essay will try to deal with the historical changes which took place in the urban residents' unit of control called Kyoko 京戸, a phenomenon of the eighth and ninth centuries relatively well covered by the ritsu-ryo 律令 codes, as the Heian Capital entered the tenth century. While part one of the essay covers the spheres of governance directly under various officials, part two goes into detail concerning areas called ho 保, fundamental administrative capital units which lay under the governmental control exercised by either the Sayukyoshiki 左右京職 or the later Kebiishi 検非違使 policing agencies. Part two in particular focuses on the following three points : 1)the nature of the central figures involved in ho administration namely ho no osa 保長 and ho no tone 保刀禰 ; 2) the residents of the ho, who were organized as zaike 在家 ; and 3)the residential units (ie 家) of capital nobles, which were to a certain degree independent of the control exercised by the Sayukyo-shiki and Kebiishi agencies. It should be noted that while secondary source materials such as Buddhist tale collections were utilized, the author was always careful to historically verify such sources with more reliable documentary materials.