Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Intracranial Tumors

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Objectives: To describe the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of intracranial tumors in patients, the type of tumors, and the location of the tumor base on neuro-imaging.
Materials and methos: This retrospective observational study included medical records of patients with intracranial tumors who initialy consulted to ophthalmologists in the neuro-ophthalmology unit of Cicendo Eye Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016. Patients who were diagnosed with intracranial tumors that were confirmed by radiologic examination were included. All data, including patient sex, age, neuro-ophthalmic signs and symptoms, and the type and location of the intracranial tumor, were reviewed.
Results: The study included 132 patients (40.9% male, 59.1% female); the average age was 40.14 years (range, 9-69 years). Neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms included blurred vision (81.06%), visual field complaints (9.09%), double vision (6.82%), and ptosis (3.03%). Neuro-ophthalmologic signs included bilateral optic atrophy (54.54%), unilateral optic atrophy (14.39%), papilledema (12.12%), visual field defect (41.67%) and ocular motor nerve palsy (18.94%). The three most common types of intracranial tumors were meningioma (47.72%), pituitary adenoma (25.75%), and craniopharyngioma (9.10%). All patients were consulted to neurosurgery departmen except 2 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were consulted to otolaryngology department. Only 21 patients (15.91%) returned for a follow up visit.
Conclusion: The most common neuro-ophthalmologic symptom was blurred vision, the most common neuro-ophthalmologic sign was abnormality of the optic discs, particularly optic disc atrophy. Meningioma was the most common tumor that impaired visual function and was most often diagnosed in adult women. The most common tumor location was the chiasm, which manifested as bilateral optic disc atrophy.