妊婦における、主食・主菜・副菜がそろう食事回数と栄養素等摂取状況、食知識および食行動との関連

抄録

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the frequency of meals of pregnant women that follow a Japanese dietary pattern including staple foods, main dishes, and side dishes, with their food intake status, food knowledge, and eating behavior. We conducted a questionnaire survey and a dietary survey using a weighing method for 2 days on 137 women 11 to 15 weeks pregnant who visited our obstetric medical institution in S City, Mie Prefecture from August 2017 to March 2018. Overall, data from 108 participants were examined. Based on the results of the dietary survey, the frequency of ingesting meals that followed a Japanese dietary pattern was classified as “twice a day or more” or “less than twice a day”. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, χ² test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess comparisons between the two groups. Total energy, protein energy ratio, and potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin K, folic acid, and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the twice a day or more group than the less than twice a day group. Women in the twice a day or more group consumed significantly more green and yellow vegetables and seeds. Women in the less than twice a day group consumed fast food significantly more often, used significantly more salt, and did not significantly utilize nutritional components.

Those who followed a Japanese dietary pattern less than twice a day were likely have a low food awareness, and it is important to help them acquire appropriate dietary knowledge and skills before pregnancy.