中国東北地区における「満洲」にかんする記憶の表象

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抄録

　The aim of this paper is to outline the way in which Chinese people in Northeast China have remembered, and today portray, the reality of their past experience during the war and their time under Japanese colonial rule. The following argument is based on a survey conducted at twenty-one facilities aimed at commemorating the colonial era. I conducted close observations and interviews at these facilities.
　I chronologically and analytically categorize these facilities into three types as follows. In the first place, from the end of the 1940s to the middle of the 1960s many monuments, such as memorial tombs commemorating heroes of the war, were constructed. To the Chinese they represented new values and were symbols of unity, and freedom from the colonial order. The objects commemorated in this stage represent “individual death.” Next, from the middle of the 1960s to the 1970s the places where massacres had taken place and forced laborers’ corpses had been left were memorialized. This made the victims of colonial rule visible. To put it simply, these commemorate “collective death.” Most recently, since the 1980s many museums focused on “Manchuria” have been founded. Their similarity does not lie in the displayed things themselves, but in the way things are displayed: Fragmentary stories have been merged into a story of the nation as a whole. Here, a “collective life” that retrieves historical process is commemorated.
　The changes seen in commemoration forms over this long period of time show the development of our cognitive means of relating to the reality of the past. That is, there has been a development from personal contact with the past by way of martyrs and victims in national events, to impersonal contact by way of the reorganization of the historical story itself. I see these commemorations as corresponding to the development of the museum system, which is a phenotype of modern knowledge.