論文
旧制中学校進学機会における長男優先度の分析
2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 75-90,146
詳細
2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 75-90,146
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between birth order, occupational mobility and the opportunity to enter selective middle schools, making use of an individual data set from Hyogo Prefecture's Daiichi Kobe Middle School ("KobeIttyu"). The challenge here is to clarify the different roles a family expects of its children, in keeping with the order of their birth in this modern era when considering educational opportunities and occupational mobility.
The following approach was used in this analysis. First, we defined the Eldest Son's Priority (ESP) of opportunity to enter a selective middle school as the ratio between expectation and observation of the rate for eldest sons, calculated using data for birth order and sibling constitution. Second, we compared two different regions by refering to recent results for Yamagata Prefecture's Tsuruoka Middle School.
The following are the main findings of this analysis:
(1) The occupational mobility pattern at Kobe-Ittyu is characterized by a remarkable tendency, namely that the business sector (eg. company employees, merchants and artisans) and the nonprofit sector (eg. public servants, teachers and farmers) reproduce thems elve s.
(2) The ESP of opportunity to enter a selective middle school was higher in Kobe than it was in Tsuruoka. This tendency was true regardless of family business. In other words, the standard of ESP was more influenced by region than by occupation.
(3) The ESP of opportunity to enter Kobe-Ittyu showed a tendency to increase in the business sector but decrease in the nonprofit sector. But the group that maintained the highest level was that of public servants who belong to the nonprofit sector.
(4) Within the business sector, the relationships between entering a selective middle school and gaining occupation in commerce or industry were as follows. In the modern commercial sector, the two connected without conflict. For the industrial sector, however, they separated and conflicted with one another while for the traditional commercial sector, they did not conflict but connected negatively.
