一九二三年以前の「社会科学」という言葉

日本社会学史と大杉栄を中心に

抄録

　The aim of this paper is to consider the concept of “Shakai Kagaku (Social Sciences)”　prior to 1923. Yasutaka Ichinokawa examines the concept of “The Social” in his book　Shakai (The Social) (2006). He insists that (1) the phrase “Shakai Kagaku” was not　popular in Japan before 1923, and (2) this phrase was used to mean the bundling of　sociology, law, politics, economics, and so on, only after 1923, in keeping with the use of　such terminology in Marxism.　In this paper, Ichinokawa’s claims are examined by looking at the history of sociology　and the concept of “Shakai Kagaku” in the writings of Sakae Osugi, an anarchist in the　Taisho era. An examination of the above revealed the following:　First, in the Taisho era, a distinction was not made between “Shakai Kagaku” and　“Shakaigaku (sociology).” In so-called synthetic sociology, “Shakaigaku” meant the　highest conception of the social sciences. In the history of sociology, in pre-1923 Japan,　“Shakai Kagaku” was a phrase which occupied a position critical to synthetic sociology.　Second, under the influence of anarchists such as P. Kropotkin and M. Bakounine,　Osugi’s concept of “Shakai Kagaku” had been used to criticize the sciences prior to 1923.　Moreover, their movements influenced Shinjinkai (an association antecedent to the　Social Science Society). However, little light was shed on their attempts because their　movements were suppressed.