都市における非通念性の複合的生成過程

下位文化理論とコミュニティ解放論の観点から

抄録

　The purpose of this study is to explore the complex generation processes of unconventionality. Unconventionality is defined as the urban way of life by C. S.Fischer, who advocated the subcultural theory of urbanism. This theory insists that unconventionality is generated by the subcultural variety of an urban place. However, since some scholars say that unconventionality is generated by the community liberation process, as advocated by B. Wellman, opinion varies as to the generation mechanism of unconventionality. What causes this disagreement?　We believe that this disagreement has arisen from the breadth of scope of unconventionality, so we here propose that unconventionality displays two main facets. One is ‘orientation to variety’, defined as an attitude of toleration towards various lifestyles, while the other is ‘orientation to change’, defined as an attitude preferring change to preservation of the status quo.　In this paper, we investigate separately the determinants of the two facets of unconventionality, using the data of the Japanese General Social Survey (JGSS) 2003, which have been linked with aggregate-level data. Using a multilevel structural equation model, we examine the subcultural theory of urbanism and the community liberated perspective.　From analysis of the multilevel model, we found two results. First, ‘orientation to variety’ is generated by the mechanism of the subcultural theory of urbanism. Second, ‘orientation to change’ is generated by the mechanism of the community liberated perspective. The results from this study indicate that the subcultural theory of urbanism is not the only one to explain unconventionality; unconventionality is generated by complex processes which contain the mechanism of the subcultural theory of urbanism and also the mechanism of the community liberated perspective. Moreover, they suggest that both the subcultural theory of urbanism and the community liberated perspective are supported in Japan.