きょうだい構成と地位達成

きょうだいデータに対するマルチレベル分析による検討

抄録

　The aim of this paper is to estimate within-family effects, between-family effects, and effects of these interactions on status attainment. The author analyzed the effects of sibling configuration, especially those of the number of siblings and birth order, on educational and occupational attainments, by applying a multilevel model to sibling data. The result showed that the number of siblings had a negative effect on educational attainments of children in the 1953-68 cohort, but its effect decreased in the 1969-86cohort. This negative effect of sib ship size was smaller for children from wealthier families. In the 1953-68 cohort, birth order had an effect on educational attainment. Elder siblings were more likely to have higher levels of education than younger siblings. This negative effect for younger birth-order siblings, however, decreased in the1969-86 cohort. Moreover, the negative effect was smaller for children from wealthier families. The analysis also indicated that both sibs hip size and birth order had effects on occupational attainment. Children with few siblings and elder siblings were more likely to have advantageous jobs. These effects, however, were mediated by educational attainment, although the direct effect of birth order remained significant at 10% level. These analyses supported the resource dilution theory and the selective investment theory, which suggested that educational strategy under constraints of economic resources led to within-family differences in status attainment.