2022 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 43-52
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a therapeutic option for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); however, a number of issues is need to be resolved to improve its outcomes. Multiple factors, including age, the risk of disease progression, the severity of comorbidities, the physical and mental status of patients, and socioeconomic issues, should be considered before allo-SCT. Although pre-transplant treatments improve the outcomes of allo-SCT in selected patients, optimal treatment regimens and durations have yet to be clarified. Relapse after allo-SCT affects the outcomes of patients. Patients with hematological relapse after allo-SCT have poor clinical outcomes. Early preemptive treatments based on the confirmation of minimal residual disease by standardized procedures or prophylactic treatments after allo-SCT need to be established for selected high-risk cases. Advances in transplantation procedures, including the development of novel drugs based on the molecular pathology of MDS, are required to further improve the outcomes of allo-SCT for MDS.
