D-600 Sensitive and Insensitive Spontaneous Contractions in the Guinea-Pig Hepatic Duct

HIROSHI SUZUKI; YASUE FUKUSHI; MAKOTO WAKUI

doi:10.1620/tjem.156.13

HIROSHI SUZUKI, YASUE FUKUSHI, MAKOTO WAKUI

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Keywords: hepatic duct, spontaneous contractions, D-600, guinea-pig

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1988 Volume 156 Issue 1 Pages 13-21

DOI https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.156.13

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Published: 1988 Received: May 18, 1988 Available on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006 Accepted: July 30, 1988 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : SUZUKI, H., FUKUSHI, Y. and WAKUI, M. D-600 Sensitive and Insensitive Spontaneous Contractions in the Guinea-Pig Hepatic Duct. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1988, 156 (1), 13-21-The mechanical properties of the longitudinally cut preparations of the guinea-pig hepatic duct were studied. About 42% of the preparations (18 of 43 preparations) showed spontaneous phasic contractions which were unaffected by either tetrodotoxin, guanethidine or atropine. About 60% of them exhibited phasic contractions which appeared at irregular frequencies in the same tissue and varied in size. This sort of contractions usually accompanied small contractions. In about 20%, contractions occurred constantly in frequency (about 6-14 every 10min) and in size. The remaining 20% showed twitch-like contractions which occurred sporadically. These contractions were classified into two types depending upon the susceptibility to the Ca²⁺ entry blocker, D-600. D-600 (1-100μM) strongly suppressed both regularly occurring contractions and twitch-like ones. On the other hand, the drug was ineffective on irregularly occurring contractions. The Ca²⁺ sources underlying these contractions were discussed.
Right : The mechanical properties of the longitudinally cut preparations of the guinea-pig hepatic duct were studied. About 42% of the preparations (18 of 43 preparations) showed spontaneous phasic contractions which were unaffected by either tetrodotoxin, guanethidine or atropine. About 60% of them exhibited phasic contractions which appeared at irregular frequencies in the same tissue and varied in size. This sort of contractions usually accompanied small contractions. In about 20%, contractions occurred constantly in frequency (about 6-14 every 10 min) and in size. The remaining 20% showed twitch-like contractions which occurred sporadically. These contractions were classified into two types depending upon the susceptibility to the Ca²⁺ entry blocker, D-600. D-600 (1-100μM) strongly suppressed both regularly occurring contractions and twitch-like ones. On the other hand, the drug was ineffective on irregularly occurring contractions. The Ca²⁺ sources underlying these contractions were discussed.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) The Third Department of Internal Medicine
2) Department of Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicineand
3) Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine

Right :
1) The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine
2) Department of Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine
3) Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Bainbridge, F.A. & Dale, H.H. (1906) The contractile mechanism of the gall-bladder and its extrinsic nervous control. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 33, 138-155.
2) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1980) Effect of cholecystokinin and the octapeptide of cholesystokinin on the feline sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder. J. clin. Invest., 66, 1231-1239.
3) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1982) Effect of naloxone on the cat sphincter of Oddi (SO); Evidence for a physiological role of opioid peptides in the regulation of the sphincter of Oddi. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 397-403.
4) Boev, K., Golenhofen, K. & Lukanow, J. (1976) Selective suppression of phasic and tonic activation mechanisms in stomach smooth muscle. In: Physiology of Smooth Muscle, edited by E. Bülbring & M.F. Shuba, Raven Press, New York, pp. 203-208.
5) Bolton, T.B. (1979) Mechanism of action of transmitters and other substances on smooth muscle. Physiol. Rev., 59, 606-718.
6) Bülbring, E. & Tomita, T. (1970) Effects of Ca removal on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 210, 217-232.
7) Creed, K.E. & Kuriyama, H. (1971) Electrophysiological properties of the smooth muscle cells of the biliary system of the guinea-pig. Jap. J. Physiol., 311, 333-348.
8) Conner, J.A., Kreulen, D., Prosser, C.L. & Weigel, R. (1977) Interaction between longitudinal and circular muscle in intestine of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 273, 665-689.
9) Droogmans, G. & Casteels, R. (1976) Membrane potential and ion transport in smooth muscle cells. In: Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Smooth Muscle, edited by R. Casteels, T. Godfraind & J.C. Ruegg, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, pp. 71-78.
10) Droogmans, G., Raeymaekers, L. & Casteels, R. (1977) Electro-and pharmacomechanical coupling in the smooth muscle cells of the rabbit ear artery. J. gen. Physiol., 70, 129-148.
11) Golenhofen, K. & Lammel, E. (1972) Selective suppression of some components of spontaneous activity in various types of smooth muscle by iproveratril (verapamil). Pflügers Arch., 331, 233-243.
12) Golenhofen, K. & Wegner, H. (1975) Spike-free activation mechanism in smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach. Pflügers Arch., 354, 29-37.
13) Haeusler, G. (1972) Differential effect of verapamil on excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle and on excitation-secretion coupling in adrenergic nerve terminals. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 180, 672-682.
14) Haeusler, G., Kuhn, H. & Thorens, S. (1980) The effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on calcium fluxes in smooth muscle from rabbit main pulmonary artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 303, 225-241.
15) Hogan, W.J., Dodds, W.J., Toouli, J., Greenen, J.E., Helm, J. & Arndorfer, R.C. (1982) Motility of choledochoduodenal junction. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 387-396.
16) Itoh, T., Kuriyama, H. & Suzuki, H. (1981) Excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig mesenteric artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 321, 513-535.
17) Itoh, T., Kajiwara, M., Kitamura, K. & Kuriyama, H. (1982) Roles of stored calcium on the mechanical response evoked in smooth muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 322, 107-125.
18) Itoh, Z. & Takahashi, I. (1981) Periodic contractions of the canine gallbladder during the interdigestive state. Amer. J. Physiol., 240, G183-G189.
19) Itoh, Z., Takahashi, I. & Suzuki, T. (1982) Contractile patterns of the gallbladder between meals in the dog. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 405-413.
20) Ivy, A.C. (1934) The physiology of the gall bladder. Physiol. Rev., 14, 1-102.
21) Ludwick, J.R. & Bass, P. (1967) Contractile and electric activity of the extrahepatic biliary tract and duodenum. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 124, 536-546.
22) Mangel, A.W., Nelson, D.O., Rabovsky, J.L., Prosser, C.L. & Conner, J.A. (1982) Depolarization-induced contractile activity of smooth muscle in calcium-free solution. Amer. J. Physiol., 242, C36-C40.
23) Mayer, C.J., van Breemen, C. & Casteels, R. (1972) The action of lanthanum and D600 on the calcium exchange in the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli. Pflügers Arch., 337, 333-350.
24) McMaster, P.D. & Elman, R. (1926) On the expulsion of bile by the gall bladder; And a reciprocal relationship with the sphincter activity. J. exp. Med., 44,173-198.
25) Mroczka, Z., Bauer, H.P. & Scott, G.W. (1982) Effects of prostaglandins on isolated dog gall bladder and cystic duct. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 421-426.
26) Nawrath, H., Ten Eick, R.E., McDonald, T.F. & Trautwein, W. (1977) On the mechanism underlying the action of D-600 on slow inward current and tension in mammalian myocardium. Circulat. Res., 40, 408-414.
27) Okada, S. (1915) On the contractile movement of the gall-bladder. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 50, 42-46.
28) Phillips, M.J., Oshio, C. & Miyairi, M. (1982) A study of bile canalicular contractions in isolated hepatocytes, methods and time series analysis. Hepatology, 2, 777-783.
29) Reiner, O. & Marshall, J.M. (1975) Action of D-600 on spontaneous and electrically stimulated activity of the perturient rat uterus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 290, 21-28.
30) Riemer, J., Dörfler, F., Mayer, C.J. & Ulbrecht, G. (1974) Calcium-antagonistic effects on the spontaneous activity of guinea-pig taenia coli. Pflügers Arch., 351, 241-258.
31) Scherlock, D.S. (1981) Diseases of the liver and biliary system. In: Diseases of the Liver and Bilary System, edited by D.S. Scherlock, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford-London-Edinburgh-Boston-Melbourne, pp. 66-78.
32) Somlyo, A.V. & Somlyo, A.P. (1968) Electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 59, 129-145.
33) Stahle, J. (1952) Studies on the bile ducts, and the blood vessels in Glisson's capsule: A histological investigation of the incidence of smooth muscle in the intrahepatic bile ducts. Acta Soc. Med. Upsalien, 57, 455-468.
34) Watanabe, S. & Phillips, J. (1986) Acute phalloidin toxicity in living hepatocytes. Evidence for a possible disturbance in membrane flow and for multiple functions for action in the liver cell. Amer. J. Path., 122, 101-111.

Right : 1) Bainbridge, F. A. & Dale, H. H. (1906) The contractile mechanism of the gall-bladder and its extrinsic nervous control. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 33, 138-155.
2) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1980) Effect of cholecystokinin and the octapeptide of cholesystokinin on the feline sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder. J. clin. Invest., 66, 1231-1239.
3) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1982) Effect of naloxone on the cat sphincter of Oddi (SO); Evidence for a physiological role of opioid peptides in the regulation of the sphincter of Oddi. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 397-403.
4) Boev, K., Golenhofen, K. & Lukanow, J. (1976) Selective suppression of phasic and tonic activation mechanisms in stomach smooth muscle. In: Physiology of Smooth Muscle, edited by E. Bülbring & M. F. Shuba, Raven Press, New York, pp. 203-208.
5) Bolton, T. B. (1979) Mechanism of action of transmitters and other substances on smooth muscle. Physiol. Rev., 59, 606-718.
6) Bülbring, E. & Tomita, T. (1970) Effects of Ca removal on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 210, 217-232.
7) Creed, K. E. & Kuriyama, H. (1971) Electrophysiological properties of the smooth muscle cells of the biliary system of the guinea-pig. Jap. J. Physiol., 311, 333-348.
8) Conner, J. A., Kreulen, D., Prosser, C. L. & Weigel, R. (1977) Interaction between longitudinal and circular muscle in intestine of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 273, 665-689.
9) Droogmans, G. & Casteels, R. (1976) Membrane potential and ion transport in smooth muscle cells. In : Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Smooth Muscle, edited by R. Casteels, T. Godfraind & J. C. Ruegg, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, pp. 71-78.
10) Droogmans, G., Raeymaekers, L. & Casteels, R. (1977) Electro-and pharmacomechanical coupling in the smooth muscle cells of the rabbit ear artery. J. gen. Physiol., 70, 129-148.
11) Golenhofen, K. & Lammel, E. (1972) Selective suppression of some components of spontaneous activity in various types of smooth muscle by iproveratril (verapamil). Pflügers Arch., 331, 233-243.
12) Golenhofen, K. & Wegner, H. (1975) Spike-free activation mechanism in smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach. Pflügers Arch., 354, 29-37.
13) Haeusler, G. (1972) Differential effect of verapamil on excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle and on excitation-secretion coupling in adrenergic nerve terminals. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 180, 672-682.
14) Haeusler, G., Kuhn, H. & Thorens, S. (1980) The effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on calcium fluxes in smooth muscle from rabbit main pulmonary artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 303, 225-241.
15) Hogan, W. J., Dodds, W. J., Toouli, J., Greenen, J. E., Helm, J. & Arndorfer, R. C. (1982) Motility of choledochoduodenal junction. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 387-396.
16) Itoh, T., Kuriyama, H. & Suzuki, H. (1981) Excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig mesenteric artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 321, 513-535.
17) Itoh, T., Kajiwara, M., Kitamura, K. & Kuriyama, H. (1982) Roles of stored calcium on the mechanical response evoked in smooth muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 322, 107-125.
18) Itoh, Z. & Takahashi, I. (1981) Periodic contractions of the canine gallbladder during the interdigestive state. Amer. J. Physiol., 240, G183-G189.
19) Itoh, Z., Takahashi, I. & Suzuki, T. (1982) Contractile patterns of the gallbladder between meals in the dog. In : Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 405-413.
20) Ivy, A. C. (1934) The physiology of the gall bladder. Physiol. Rev., 14, 1-102.
21) Ludwick, J. R. & Bass, P. (1967) Contractile and electric activity of the extrahepatic biliary tract and duodenum. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 124, 536-546.
22) Mangel, A. W., Nelson, D. O., Rabovsky, J. L., Prosser, C. L. & Conner, J. A. (1982) Depolarization-induced contractile activity of smooth muscle in calcium-free solution. Amer. J. Physiol., 242, C36-C40.
23) Mayer, C. J., van Breemen, C. & Casteels, R. (1972) The action of lanthanum and D600 on the calcium exchange in the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli. Pflügers Arch., 337, 333-350.
24) McMaster, P. D. & Elman, R. (1926) On the expulsion of bile by the gall bladder; And a reciprocal relationship with the sphincter activity. J. exp. Med., 44, 173-198.
25) Mroczka, Z., Bailer, H. P. & Scott, G. W. (1982) Effects of prostaglandins on isolated dog gall bladder and cystic duct. In : Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 421-42.
26) Nawrath, H., Ten Eick, R. E., McDonald, T. F. & Trautwein, W. (1977) On the mechanism underlying the action of D-600 on slow inward current and tension in mammalian myocardium. Circulat. Res., 40, 408-414.
27) Okada, S. (1915) On the contractile movement of the gall-bladder. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 50, 42-46.
28) Phillips, M. J., Oshio, C. & Miyairi, M. (1982) A study of bile canalicular contractions in isolated hepatocytes, methods and time series analysis. Hepatology, 2, 777-783.
29) Reiner, O. & Marshall, J. M. (1975) Action of D-600 on spontaneous and electrically stimulated activity of the perturient rat uterus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 290, 21-28.
30) Riemer, J., Dörfler, F., Mayer, C. J. & Ulbrecht, G. (1974) Calcium-antagonistic effects on the spontaneous activity of guinea-pig taenia coli. Pflügers Arch., 351, 241-258.
31) Scherlock, D. S. (1981) Diseases of the liver and biliary system. In: Diseases of the Liver and Bilary System, edited by D. S. Scherlock, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford-London-Edinburgh-Boston-Melbourne, pp. 66-78.
32) Somlyo, A. V. & Somlyo, A. P. (1968) Electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 59, 129-145.
33) Stable, J. (1952) Studies on the bile ducts, and the blood vessels in Glisson's capsule: A histological investigation of the incidence of smooth muscle in the intrahepatic bile ducts. Acta Soc. Med. Upsalien, 57, 455-468.
34) Watanabe, S. & Phillips, J. (1986) Acute phalloidin toxicity in living hepatocytes. Evidence for a possible disturbance in membrane flow and for multiple functions for action in the liver cell. Amer. J. Path., 122, 101-111.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Bainbridge, F. A. & Dale, H. H. (1906) The contractile mechanism of the gall-bladder and its extrinsic nervous control. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 33, 138-155.
2) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1980) Effect of cholecystokinin and the octapeptide of cholesystokinin on the feline sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder. J. clin. Invest., 66, 1231-1239.
3) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1982) Effect of naloxone on the cat sphincter of Oddi (SO); Evidence for a physiological role of opioid peptides in the regulation of the sphincter of Oddi. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 397-403.
4) Boev, K., Golenhofen, K. & Lukanow, J. (1976) Selective suppression of phasic and tonic activation mechanisms in stomach smooth muscle. In: Physiology of Smooth Muscle, edited by E. Bülbring & M. F. Shuba, Raven Press, New York, pp. 203-208.
5) Bolton, T. B. (1979) Mechanism of action of transmitters and other substances on smooth muscle. Physiol. Rev., 59, 606-718.
6) Bülbring, E. & Tomita, T. (1970) Effects of Ca removal on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 210, 217-232.
7) Creed, K. E. & Kuriyama, H. (1971) Electrophysiological properties of the smooth muscle cells of the biliary system of the guinea-pig. Jap. J. Physiol., 311, 333-348.
8) Conner, J. A., Kreulen, D., Prosser, C. L. & Weigel, R. (1977) Interaction between longitudinal and circular muscle in intestine of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 273, 665-689.
9) Droogmans, G. & Casteels, R. (1976) Membrane potential and ion transport in smooth muscle cells. In : Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Smooth Muscle, edited by R. Casteels, T. Godfraind & J. C. Ruegg, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, pp. 71-78.
10) Droogmans, G., Raeymaekers, L. & Casteels, R. (1977) Electro-and pharmacomechanical coupling in the smooth muscle cells of the rabbit ear artery. J. gen. Physiol., 70, 129-148.
11) Golenhofen, K. & Lammel, E. (1972) Selective suppression of some components of spontaneous activity in various types of smooth muscle by iproveratril (verapamil). Pflügers Arch., 331, 233-243.
12) Golenhofen, K. & Wegner, H. (1975) Spike-free activation mechanism in smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach. Pflügers Arch., 354, 29-37.
13) Haeusler, G. (1972) Differential effect of verapamil on excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle and on excitation-secretion coupling in adrenergic nerve terminals. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 180, 672-682.
14) Haeusler, G., Kuhn, H. & Thorens, S. (1980) The effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on calcium fluxes in smooth muscle from rabbit main pulmonary artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 303, 225-241.
15) Hogan, W. J., Dodds, W. J., Toouli, J., Greenen, J. E., Helm, J. & Arndorfer, R. C. (1982) Motility of choledochoduodenal junction. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 387-396.
16) Itoh, T., Kuriyama, H. & Suzuki, H. (1981) Excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig mesenteric artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 321, 513-535.
17) Itoh, T., Kajiwara, M., Kitamura, K. & Kuriyama, H. (1982) Roles of stored calcium on the mechanical response evoked in smooth muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 322, 107-125.
18) Itoh, Z. & Takahashi, I. (1981) Periodic contractions of the canine gallbladder during the interdigestive state. Amer. J. Physiol., 240, G183-G189.
19) Itoh, Z., Takahashi, I. & Suzuki, T. (1982) Contractile patterns of the gallbladder between meals in the dog. In : Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 405-413.
20) Ivy, A. C. (1934) The physiology of the gall bladder. Physiol. Rev., 14, 1-102.
21) Ludwick, J. R. & Bass, P. (1967) Contractile and electric activity of the extrahepatic biliary tract and duodenum. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 124, 536-546.
22) Mangel, A. W., Nelson, D. O., Rabovsky, J. L., Prosser, C. L. & Conner, J. A. (1982) Depolarization-induced contractile activity of smooth muscle in calcium-free solution. Amer. J. Physiol., 242, C36-C40.
23) Mayer, C. J., van Breemen, C. & Casteels, R. (1972) The action of lanthanum and D600 on the calcium exchange in the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli. Pflügers Arch., 337, 333-350.
24) McMaster, P. D. & Elman, R. (1926) On the expulsion of bile by the gall bladder; And a reciprocal relationship with the sphincter activity. J. exp. Med., 44, 173-198.
25) Mroczka, Z., Bailer, H. P. & Scott, G. W. (1982) Effects of prostaglandins on isolated dog gall bladder and cystic duct. In : Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 421-42.
26) Nawrath, H., Ten Eick, R. E., McDonald, T. F. & Trautwein, W. (1977) On the mechanism underlying the action of D-600 on slow inward current and tension in mammalian myocardium. Circulat. Res., 40, 408-414.
27) Okada, S. (1915) On the contractile movement of the gall-bladder. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 50, 42-46.
28) Phillips, M. J., Oshio, C. & Miyairi, M. (1982) A study of bile canalicular contractions in isolated hepatocytes, methods and time series analysis. Hepatology, 2, 777-783.
29) Reiner, O. & Marshall, J. M. (1975) Action of D-600 on spontaneous and electrically stimulated activity of the perturient rat uterus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 290, 21-28.
30) Riemer, J., Dörfler, F., Mayer, C. J. & Ulbrecht, G. (1974) Calcium-antagonistic effects on the spontaneous activity of guinea-pig taenia coli. Pflügers Arch., 351, 241-258.
31) Scherlock, D. S. (1981) Diseases of the liver and biliary system. In: Diseases of the Liver and Bilary System, edited by D. S. Scherlock, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford-London-Edinburgh-Boston-Melbourne, pp. 66-78.
32) Somlyo, A. V. & Somlyo, A. P. (1968) Electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 59, 129-145.
33) Stable, J. (1952) Studies on the bile ducts, and the blood vessels in Glisson's capsule: A histological investigation of the incidence of smooth muscle in the intrahepatic bile ducts. Acta Soc. Med. Upsalien, 57, 455-468.
34) Watanabe, S. & Phillips, J. (1986) Acute phalloidin toxicity in living hepatocytes. Evidence for a possible disturbance in membrane flow and for multiple functions for action in the liver cell. Amer. J. Path., 122, 101-111.

Right : 1) Bainbridge, F. A. & Dale, H. H. (1906) The contractile mechanism of the gall-bladder and its extrinsic nervous control. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 33, 138-155.
2) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1980) Effect of cholecystokinin and the octapeptide of cholesystokinin on the feline sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder. J. clin. Invest., 66, 1231-1239.
3) Behar, J. & Biancani, P. (1982) Effect of naloxone on the cat sphincter of Oddi (SO); Evidence for a physiological role of opioid peptides in the regulation of the sphincter of Oddi. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 397-403.
4) Boev, K., Golenhofen, K. & Lukanow, J. (1976) Selective suppression of phasic and tonic activation mechanisms in stomach smooth muscle. In: Physiology of Smooth Muscle, edited by E. Bülbring & M. F. Shuba, Raven Press, New York, pp. 203-208.
5) Bolton, T. B. (1979) Mechanism of action of transmitters and other substances on smooth muscle. Physiol. Rev., 59, 606-718.
6) Bülbring, E. & Tomita, T. (1970) Effects of Ca removal on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 210, 217-232.
7) Creed, K. E. & Kuriyama, H. (1971) Electrophysiological properties of the smooth muscle cells of the biliary system of the guinea-pig. Jap. J. Physiol., 311, 333-348.
8) Conner, J. A., Kreulen, D., Prosser, C. L. & Weigel, R. (1977) Interaction between longitudinal and circular muscle in intestine of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 273, 665-689.
9) Droogmans, G. & Casteels, R. (1976) Membrane potential and ion transport in smooth muscle cells. In : Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Smooth Muscle, edited by R. Casteels, T. Godfraind & J. C. Ruegg, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, pp. 71-78.
10) Droogmans, G., Raeymaekers, L. & Casteels, R. (1977) Electro-and pharmacomechanical coupling in the smooth muscle cells of the rabbit ear artery. J. gen. Physiol., 70, 129-148.
11) Golenhofen, K. & Lammel, E. (1972) Selective suppression of some components of spontaneous activity in various types of smooth muscle by iproveratril (verapamil). Pflügers Arch., 331, 233-243.
12) Golenhofen, K. & Wegner, H. (1975) Spike-free activation mechanism in smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach. Pflügers Arch., 354, 29-37.
13) Haeusler, G. (1972) Differential effect of verapamil on excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle and on excitation-secretion coupling in adrenergic nerve terminals. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 180, 672-682.
14) Haeusler, G., Kuhn, H. & Thorens, S. (1980) The effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on calcium fluxes in smooth muscle from rabbit main pulmonary artery. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 303, 225-241.
15) Hogan, W. J., Dodds, W. J., Toouli, J., Greenen, J. E., Helm, J. & Arndorfer, R. C. (1982) Motility of choledochoduodenal junction. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, edited by M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, New York, pp. 387-396.
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Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Abstract

The mechanical properties of the longitudinally cut preparations of the guinea-pig hepatic duct were studied. About 42% of the preparations (18 of 43 preparations) showed spontaneous phasic contractions which were unaffected by either tetrodotoxin, guanethidine or atropine. About 60% of them exhibited phasic contractions which appeared at irregular frequencies in the same tissue and varied in size. This sort of contractions usually accompanied small contractions. In about 20%, contractions occurred constantly in frequency (about 6-14 every 10 min) and in size. The remaining 20% showed twitch-like contractions which occurred sporadically. These contractions were classified into two types depending upon the susceptibility to the Ca²⁺ entry blocker, D-600. D-600 (1-100μM) strongly suppressed both regularly occurring contractions and twitch-like ones. On the other hand, the drug was ineffective on irregularly occurring contractions. The Ca²⁺ sources underlying these contractions were discussed.

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