High-Fat Intake Associated With Low-Carbohydrate Diet in Young Healthy Women Induced Insulin Resistance After the Ingestion of the Second Meal

Abstract

We examined the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet with high- or average-fat on glucose and lipid metabolism in young healthy female subjects. In this randomized crossover study, the 10 subjects were provided breakfast test meals: a control meal (carbohydrate [C], 60 %; fat [F], 25 %), a low-carbohydrate average-fat (LCAF) meal (C, 30 %; F, 25 %), and a low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) meal (C, 30 %; F, 45 %). Four hours later, all the participants were fed the same standard lunch. Blood was collected for the measurement of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, ketone bodies, and the pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase mass. Although both the LCAF and LCHF meals improved glucose tolerance at breakfast, in the post-lunch analysis, the LCHF meal increased the area under the curve value for glucose, and the serum concentrations of NEFA and insulin. We concluded that the LCHF meal (breakfast) induced insulin resistance at the second meal (lunch) and was associated with an increased level of NEFAs.