We performed a retrospective study to examine the preventive effects of newquinolones for endogenous infection in patients receiving various allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation including bone marrow transplantation (BMT), peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), and cord blood transplantation (CBT). Forty-nine patients were enrolled. Ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin was orally administered for intestinal sterilization from day -14 until engraftment. As a result, the period from transplantation until engraftment was significantly longer in CBT group than in BMT group. The febrile index (the ratio of the febrile (≥38.0°C) period during neutropenia (≤500 cells/mm3) and C-reactive protein (CRP)-positive index (the ratio of CRP-positive (≥2.0 mg/dl) period during neutropenia) were comparable among the three groups. In addition, no gram-negative bacteria in stool was isolated in the three groups; that is, an endogenous infection of gram-negative bacteria, a potential pathogen, was well controlled by newquinolones. We should be careful when interpreting the results of this small study; however, newquinolones are clinically effective for endogenous infection of gram-negative bacteria in patients receiving not only BMT, but also PBSCT and CBT.
