森川正雄によるプロジェクト・メソッドの受容 : 『幼稚園の理論及実際』の原典解明を中心に

抄録

Masao Morikawa was an important figure in Japan, who was a professor at Nara women's higher normal school and a director at a kindergarten attached to the normal school. He introduced the project method into the Japanese kindergarten in Taisho era. In Japan, there is no intensive exploration about the Japanese historical transformation of the project method. Regarding Morikawa's interpretation, it is believed that he introduced the theory of William H. Kilpatrick into the practices of the attached kindergarten without examining his theoretical achievement. There are a number of publications about the project method in the United States as well as many translations of that in Japan. I explore the traits and contexts of the used materials for his introduction of the project method. Morikawa was influenced by Taigan Matsunami who returned to Japan in 1920 after studying abroad. It is plausible that Morikawa did not read Kilpatrick's paper "The Project Method" (Teachers College Record, 1918, Vol.19, No.4). Morikawa understood that the project method is one of many kinds of teaching methods while Kilpatrick assumed the project method is a prominent theory of instruction. Afterward, Morikawa published some articles about the project methods in his book titled "Yochien no Riron to Jissai" (1924, Toyo-Tosho). I traced his original materials and found that his idea was based on Mendel E. Branom's "Project Method in Education" (Richard G. Badger, 1919) and Matsunami's "Zengakatsudo no Kyoiku"(Kyoiku Kenkyukai, 1922). Morikawa actually interpreted the project method through the listed books by Branom and Matsunami. His interpretation was limited to the overview of the theories in general. I pointed out that Morilawa's theoretical limit as has been stated. I will explore what his theoretical limit affected in the educational practices at the real world.