明治末における保育記録の成立過程 : 保育者の語りにおける実践の意味に着目して

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of practical reports in kindergarten in the end of Meiji Era and, from a historical viewpoint, to examine how the meaning of kindergarten teachers' experience in early childhood education and care has been told and constructed. In particular, this paper is to examine what kindergarten teachers expressed as an activity of early childhood education and care and how they depicted it based on their discourses in the journal named "Fujin-to-Kodomo (Women and Child)". In conclusion, the following three points are clarified. 1) When "Fujin-to-Kodomo" was first published in 1901, practical reports written by kindergarten teachers were analogous of reports of child rearing at home. Teachers depicted their experience of work as activity to fix the defects of child rearing at home. Teachers attended to children's character and relationship in classroom rather than their learning result of lessons. 2) "Observation of Children" introduced to early childhood education and care through "Study of Children" marked the start of seeking new narrative form in which early childhood education and care in kindergarten was expressed. "Observation of Children" brought the eyes observing children and the style of writing in which they describe children's and their own activities objectively. In such form, kindergarten teachers obtained words describing activities in lesson and play. 3) Typical pattern of practical reports in kindergarten was formed on "Fujin-to-Kodomo" in early 1910s. To exchange experience and knowledge, the editor asked for submission of articles about experience of early childhood care and education written by kindergarten teachers. Those articles discussed improvement of educational methods or educational policy.