ガソリン基材製造のためのアルキレーション法

抄録

Alkylation processes for the production of gasolines were reviewed, and recent advances in mechanisms of the alkylation reaction were described. Acid-soluble hydrocarbons including alkylsulfates play an important role as intermediates in isobutane/olefin alkylation reaction over H₂SO₄. Reactions of olefins with H₂SO₄ produce acid-soluble, large cations such as i-C⁺₁₂, i-C⁺₁₆etc., which decompose to afford DMH and light ends such as C₅-C₇ isoparaffins. The detailed mechanisms of the overall alkylations, however, are still remained to be investigated.
Approaches to utilize solid catalysts such as solid superacids and zeolites insteed of liquid H₂SO₄and HF in the isobutane/olefin alkylation were briefly discussed. No such process is in operation as the fixed-bed alkylation employing solid catalysts. Nonetheless not a few patents on this aspect of alkylation are seen. Finally, the recent advent of a new class of shape-selective zeolites which catalyse methanol to gasoline conversion was also described.