「人工血液」の開発

抄録

Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) highly dissolve oxygen and can function as an oxygen carrying agent in an emulsified from. However, these substances must be used as a fine and stable emulsion with the particles below 0.2 microm in an average diameter, because the particle size is closely related to both toxicity and efficacy, the larger particle, the more toxic and the less effective. In addition, the PFCs to be used as the material for artificial blood must be rapidly eliminated from the body after completing the role as an oxygen carrying agent. From many kinds of PFCs, Perfluorodecalin (FDC) and perfluorotripropylamine (FTPA) were selected as acceptable materials for artificial blood substitute and an emulsion was prepared by using the mixture of both PFCs. This preparation, tentatively named Fluosol-DA, has been made iso-tonic and iso-oncotic with proper amounts of electrolytes and colloidal substance, respectivery. Fluosol-DA has been manifested to cover the most parts of indispensable properties of blood substitute. It is low toxic and stable. Animals displaced over 90% of their own blood with this preparation survived well and were kept in good condition for subsequent long periods. From the results of clinical trials, over 70 cases in Japan and U. S. A., Fluosol-DA has been proved to be safe and effective as artificial blood substitute.
The present paper includes the following contents; Needs for artificial blood substitutes, History of PFC-artificial blood, Development of Fluosol-DA, Expected uses and limits of Fluosol-DA and Prospect of Fluosol-DA in future.