震源のモデル化と強震動予測

抄録

This is a review of recent development of estimating strong ground motion in broad band for input motion for efficient earthquake-resistant design and response-controlled design of structures to reduce earthquake damage. We focus quantitative studies on earthquake sources, discussing the following topics: (1) deterministic source models, considering kinematics and dynamics, (2) stochastic source models, describing the spectral properties of ground motion generated from source process, (3) hybrid source model, combining deterministic approaches with stochastic approaches of source process, (4) empirical Green's function techniques relating the deterministic source models to the scalings of source parameters and source spectra, and (5) some problems for source modeling, self-similarity of source process, limitation of ω² model, heterogeneity of fault motion and combining stochastic simulation with the empirical Green's function. The empirical Green's function method has the advantage of not only containing propagation-path effects and local site effects but also incorporating the source effects due to growing of small cracks to larger ones. Conclusively, the empirical Green's function method is one of the most effective techniques in simulating strong ground motion for the purposes of engineering designs, although further discussion is required about the limitatins and extensions of empirical Green's function.