Water buffaloes are essential to the rural economies of many developing countries, including Vietnam and Nepal, but native
buffalo populations in these countries face challenges such as low productivity due to fertility and body growth issues. This study
analyzed 34 SNPs in 18 genes associated with reproductive and body growth traits reported in cattle and buffalo in Vietnamese and
Nepalese native buffaloes. Results showed no polymorphism at bovine SNPs in either buffalo. Further analysis with SNPs
previously reported only in popular buffalo breeds, such as Murrah, found that Vietnamese buffalo were monomorphic at all sites,
which may reflect reduced genetic diversity due to population decline. In contrast, Nepalese buffalo, consisting of two native
breeds, showed polymorphism in 11 SNPs in 7 genes, with 10 of these matching those found in the Murrah buffalo analyzed here.
These findings suggest that these SNPs may be applicable for genetic improvement in Nepalese native buffalo. This study provides
valuable insights for future conservation and breeding programs aimed at enhancing reproductive and body growth performance of
native buffalo in Vietnam and Nepal.
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