Polysilanes, which have silicon-silicon bond chain, have attracted considerable attention due to theirusefulness such as precursors for thermally stable ceramics materials, microlithography and so on. Osaka GasChemicals has found that the reduction of dichlorosilane with Mg metal in the presence of LiCl and Lewis acidwas highly useful synthetic method for polysilanes.This review deals with an applied research of polysilane, that is, the effects of polysilane-coating on theinterface of electrofusion type pipe joint（EF） and polyethylene（PE） pipes. The fusion strength greatlydepends on the amount of sand which adheres to the interface during field works, because there is no flowof melted resin at the fusion interface. It was found that a kind of polysilane on the fusion interface keptthe fusion strength even if there was some amount of sand. The reasons were examined from chemical andphysical points of view. Polysilane molecule permeated into the PE resin deeply and hence the PE resins of thepipe and EF joint are thought to be thoroughly mixed with each other. That effect was also observed in case ofpolypropylene and cycloolefin polymers.

Adsorption characteristics of surfactants occurring at solid/liquid interfaces are an important subject notonly in academia but also in industry. Atomic force microscopy （FM） and quartz crystal microbalancewith dissipation monitoring （QCM-D） are useful techniques in order to study the surfactant adsorption onflat solid surfaces. In this review, the basic principle of the two techniques is explained first, and then a fewexperimental topics are presented: （i） adsorption of gemini surfactants,（ii） high-speed AFM monitoring ofsolubilization-induced morphological change in surfactant aggregates adsorbed on solid, and（iii） adsorption ofsurfactants or water at solid /ionic liquid interfaces.

フェノール樹脂に対し，そのゲル化過程における構造変化，合成後の樹脂の構造や不均一性を散乱法を使って詳細に研究した。一方で，全原子分子動力学シミュレーションにより，フェノール樹脂とほぼ同等の力学物性をもつ樹脂をコンピューター上で構築し，その構造が実験で得られる散乱関数を再現すること，さらには実験では不可能な不均一性の可視化に成功した。

ポリL 乳酸とポリD 乳酸をブレンドさせて結晶化させると，α 晶よりも融点が50℃以上高いステレオコンプレックス晶が観測される。そこで，ガラス状態からの低温からの昇温プロセスおよび溶融体からの降温プロセスにおけるステレオコンプレックス晶の結晶化について議論する。さらに，流動条件下での結晶化について議論する。ガラス状態からの結晶化では170℃でα 晶が融解しステレオコンプレックス晶が成長することがわかった。そのため，溶融体からの結晶化で見られるような球晶構造は観測されず，またラメラ晶の相関である長周期が二種類観測された。一方，溶融状態からの結晶化では，非常にラメラ晶のサイズよりも大きな密度揺らぎが成長していることを示すことができた。せん断により，この密度揺らぎの成長は促進されていることから，結晶成長やモルフォロジーに大きな影響を与えていることを示した。

Organic materials and polymers have widely been the essential materials sustaining our modern society owing to their many advantages of processability, flexibility, light weight, low cost, and so on. There have been substantial demands for inventing materials having better physical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and/ or optical properties, which is often difficult to achieve using materials composed of only a single or pure component. In this context, hybridization of inorganic nanoparticles（NPs） into organic polymers has been in the spotlight over the past two decades. In all types of hybridizations, one of the most challenging and advanced issues is the pursuit of favorable optical characteristics such as transparency, refractive index, chromatism, and thermal-optical coefficient. This is because light scattering that significantly increases the turbidity of a material is unavoidable when each component, having a different refractive index, is mixed in a dispersion state. Zirconium oxide（ZrO2） has recently been highlighted because of its high refractive index（nD = 2.1–2.2）, chemical inertness, physical strength, and transmissivity in the UV–NIR range. Therefore, ZrO2 NP is a candidate for an optical reinforcing agent for the creation of hybrid materials with high refractive index and transmissivity. Several studies on the hybridization of ZrO2 NPs with polymers have been reported in the last decade. In this review, a versatile and promising organic-inorganic hybridization method for the fabrication of highly transparent organic-inorganic hybrid bulk materials containing highly crystalline ZrO2 nanoparticles（NPs） is described. Two key technologies that have been developed are the surface-treatment, hydrophobization, and functionalization of ZrO2 NPs originally dispersed in water and their nanodispersion into a polymer continuous phase without any coagulation and/or agglomeration. A unique and fascinating surface treatment method is demonstrated in which the hydrophobization and phase transfer of ZrO2 NPs from water to toluene is simultaneously achieved. Transparent surface-modified ZrO2 nanodispersions in toluene are obtained by a gentle solvent exchange from a ternary solvent mixture composed of water, toluene, and methanol. The addition of carboxylic acids having more than 4 carbon atoms as the surface treatment agent enables this hydrophobization. The surface-treated ZrO2 NP powders after drying possess the ability of redissolution or nanodispersion in several organic solvents and vinyl monomers. Further, optically transparent PSt and PMMA hybrid bulk materials with thicknesses of 10 mm are fabricated by the copolymerization of styrene（ St） or methyl methacrylate（ MMA） as a representative vinylic monomer with methacrylate functionalized ZrO2 NPs as the multivinyl crosslinking agent. Furthermore, the technique is applied to the hybridization of ZrO2 NPs and epoxy-based polymers. Their refractive indices and Abbe’s numbers are quantitatively described by the Lorentz-Lorenz effective medium expansion theory. Their transmissivity is also reasonably explained using Fresnel refraction, Rayleigh scattering, and the Lambert-Beer theories. The present method provides promising candidates for different transparent hybrid materials consisting of inorganic and organic materials.