Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-605X
Print ISSN : 0003-6862
ISSN-L : 0003-6862
Volume 1, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Shigemi KAWASE
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Free amino acid constituents in the blood plasma of the silkworm, Bobyx mori, infected with the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus were compared with those in the blood plasma of the normal silkworm. The amount of amino acids was determined by ion exchange chromatography using the amino acid analyzer. Several amino acids (ornithine, lysine, histidine, arginine, taurine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamine, asparagine, proline, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, cystathionine, methionine, isolecuine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and β-alanine) were determined quantitatively in the blood plasma from both healthy and diseased larvae. In the blood plasma of the diseased larvae, the amount of ornithine, lysine, threonine, asparagine, glycine, alanine, cystathionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine decreased, while the amount of arginine, proline, glutamic acid and methionine increased strilingly as compared to normal blood plasma. These results were clearly different from the case of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis. It appeared that the peptide content in the blood plasma of diseased larvae was higher than that of normal blood plasma.
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  • Jun MITSUHASHI
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 5-20
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The blood of Chilo suppressalis larvae was found to contain 7 types of hemocytes, namely, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular hemocytes, spherule cells, oenocytoids, podocytes, and vermiform cells. Primary cultures of the hemocytes were successfully maintained for over 12 months by changing the medium once a week. Prohemocytes and plasmatocytes multiplied by mitoses, whereas other types of hemocytes did not survive for long in the primary cultures. Subculturing of cells was tried from primary cultures by taking parts of the cell colonies 7 months after the culture was set up. Subcultured cells multiplied by mitoses and survived for over 5 months. The plasmatocytes usually formed cell sheets. The prohemocytes were often found on the plasmatocyte cell sheets. The prohemocytes aggregated to form cell masses or they suspended themselves freely in the medium. During the cultivation, morphological changes of the cells, which suggested the transformation of prohemocytes into plasmatocytes, were observed.
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  • Keizi KIRITANI, Katutiyo KIMURA
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Eurydema rugosum lays egges en masse normally composed of twelve eggs. Nymphs form aggregation throughout their nymphal life. The effects of group size on nymphal development, mortality, synchronism in moulting and the weight of ensuing adults were studied to assess the ecological meaning of aggregation. Nymphs were reared at 25°C with pods of rape at the densities of 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 insects per container. Among the groups employed, nymphs of the six insect group developed fast synchronizing with each other with a lower mortality and gave rise to heavier adults. The nymphal development, mortality and adult weight became respectively slower, higher either with increase or decrease in size of group. These results were compared with those obtained from the same kind of experiment conducted in Nezara viridula which lays a great egg mass, i. e. 80-100 eggs per mass (KIRITANI, 1964). It was concluded that there were two biological types of Pentatomidae : In the first type the fermales lay large egg masses and the ensuing nymphs form aggregation in early stages which are followed by a more solitary life. The second type is exemplified females which lay small egg masses and the nymphs tend to form aggregation throughout their nymphal life as is the case of E. rugosum.
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  • Kazuo TAKAGI, Takeshi KANEKO
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 29-31
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The number of chromosomes was determined for X. germanus BLAN. The aceto-orcein squash technique was applied to embryonal somatic cells and male testes. The number of chromosomes of X. germanus was 8 in the haploid and 16 in the diploid. Data obtained from rearing test and chromosome analysis of embryo indicated that the sex determination in the X. germanus was of the haplo-diploid type. Virgin females laid only haploid eggs and produced male progeny only. Mated females laid haploid and diploid eggs in the ratio of about 9 : 1 and produced adults in the sex-ration 9 : 1 (♀ : 〓). It was suggested that some control mechanism of fertilization by fermale caused the abnormal sex ratio in X. germanus.
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  • Kenpei HONMA
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 32-36
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An experiment on the effects of short-day treatments on two local (Morioka ans Sakai) stocks of the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes orana FISCHER VON ROSLERSTAMM was made at a temperature of 20°C, and a conspicuous difference was observed in the photoperiodec response between the local stocks. The larvae of the Morioka stock in an 8-hour photoperiod ceased their growth in the third instar. On the other hand, those of the Sakai stock continued their growth, though the growth rate decreased with the increasing duration of the shot-day treatment. This local variation in the mode of photoperiodic response seemed to be closely related to the different overwintering behaviours observed in tea plantations and apple orchards.
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  • Mieko SAITO-SUZUKI, Nobuo IKEKAWA, Masatoshi KOBAYASHI
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 37-40
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was carried out to elucidate a contribution of the pupal brain to sterol metabolism, observing the fate and the distribution of 4-<14&&t;C-cholesterol in both normal and dauer pupae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. After the injection of labelled cholesterol into the normal and the dauer pupae, the blood, several tissues, and remainder were dissected out from these pupae on 1 day after injection, 7 days and 1 day before emergence. Methanol extract was refluxed with ether, following each sample's extraction with methanol. The radioactivity of both the sterol ester and the free sterol fractions separated from the ether extract was counted. The incorporation of the labelled cholesterol into several tissues and the blood did not show any remarkable difference beween the normal and the dauer pupae. In the former, however, a large amount of cholesterol was demonstrated as ester form, while in the latter, free sterol was observed. Furthermore, the rate of esterification in dauer pupa sterol was slower than that of normal pupa, suggesting that unknown factor originating from brain had an intimate relation to sterol metabolism.
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  • Narumi YOSHITAKE, Masaharu EGUCHI, Masako AKIYAMA, Yoko TSUCHIYA
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present paper is a resume of the polymorphism of enzymes of 300 silkworm strains obtained by the analysis of the blood acid phosphatase, the blood esterase, the mid-gut alkaline phosphatase and the integument esterase activity by electrophoretic separation. The distributions of the blood acid phosphatase and the blood esterase types in Japanese and European races, are similar, whereas there is very little resemblance in Chinese and European races. The alkaline phosphatase zymogram of the mid-gut can be resolved into two isozymes (F and S). Strains that belong to F isozyme negative type are very few, and the frequency of appearance of S isozyme negative type was observed to be comparatively high : about 15 per cent of the tested strains belong to the latter type. It is noteworthy that the frequency of appearance of this type is especially high in Japanese race and extreamely low in European race. The esterase activity of the integument can be classified into six types. The strains belonging to Japanese race showed very high frequency of C type and low frequency of B type, while those belonging to Chinese race showed high frequency of both the types. It is conspicuous that the complex types such as AB and AC types are about 30 per cent of the whole showing high frequency in European race.
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  • Kazutoshi NAKASONO
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 49-50
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Hideakira TSUJI
    1966 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 51
    Published: March 25, 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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