Applied Entomology and Zoology

Ultrastructural Differences between the Propagative and Dispersal Forms in Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus, with Reference to the Survival

Eizo KONDO, Nobuyoshi ISHIBASHI

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.1

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The ultrastructure of cuticle and intestine was compared between the dispersal and propagative forms of Bursaphelenchus lignicolus. With growth of the propagative form, the thickness of cuticle increased gradually, while the ratio of cuticle to body diameter decreased. The cuticle of dispersal 3rd-stage larvae (LX_IIIs) was the thickest of all stages in the two forms. In the dispersal 4th-stage larvae (LX_IVs), the ratio of basal layer was the largest (67% of cuticle). The external cortical layer was thicker in the dispersal form than in the propagative one. The large electron-lucent lipid droplets deposited deeply in the intestinal and hypodermal cells of LX_IIIs. These lipid droplets were partly mobilized to glycogen granules with a development of LX_IIIs to LX_IVs.

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Surface Structure of the Alluring Gland in the Eri-Silkmoth, Philosamia cynthia ricini D. (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) : Opening of the Sex-Pheromone Secretory Duct

Toshiyuki KAWAKAMI, Kazuyuki TANAKA

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 12-17
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.12

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The surface structure of the alluring gland in the Eri-silkmoth (Philosamia cynthia ricini D.) was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Many irregular mammiform-like eminences were observed on the surface. Long spinescent processes are distributed at the top of the eminence. Inside of the spinescent process, the duct-like sex-pheromone secretory structure was found. These findings led the authors to assume that structure must be connected with the opening of the pore canal through the cuticle, and that the sexpheromone was led to the pore canal, transported to the cavity of the spinescent process, and finally to the outside through the opening of the small cavity.

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Maximum and Minimum Estimates of Pupation and Emergence Rates Based on the Daily Rhythms of the Cucumber Looper, Anadevidia peponis (FABRICIUS) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)

Sumio NAGASAWA, Masami SASAKI

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 18-22
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.18

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In the cucumber looper, Anadevidia peponis (FABRICIUS), under the regime of 12L-12D (light-on, 12 : 00 and light-off, 24 : 00), the daily rhythms of the pupation and the adult emergence rates in unit of y=√(No.+0.5) were expressed with the simple sine curve Y=3.5242-0.8131uX₁+0.2795vX₁ and the two-term Fourier curve Y=2.5497-0.8492uX₁-0.5769vX₁-0.0197uX₂+0.2814vX₂, respectively. The average maximum number of pupations, 18.635, was obtained approximately at the 10 : 44 hour (1 hour and 16 minutes before light-on) and the minimum, 6.651, at the 22 : 44 hour (1 hour and 16 minutes before light-off), a 2.80-fold difference in a day. The average maximum number of adult emergence, 14.284, was obtained at the 18 : 44 hour (6 hours and 44 minutes after light-on) and the minimum, 2.325, at the 04 : 04 hour (4 hours and 4 minutes after light-off), a 6.14-fold difference in a day.

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Host-parasite Interactions between Larvae of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera : Lymantridae) and the Entomogenous Fungus, Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON (Moniliales : Moniliaceae)

S.S. WASTI, G.C. HARTMANN

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.23

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Second-instar larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar were exposed to sporulating cultures of Nomuraea rileyi and fixed for histopathogical examination to study the host-parasite relationship. Penetration of the cuticle occurred within 42 hours post-inoculation and by 68 hours, the interior of the host, including the gut was completely filled with hyphae. By 48 hours post-inoculation, 100% mortality was recorded in all the infected larvae. Toxin production by N. rileyi was observed and the extract of the mycelium of N. rileyi was applied to gypsy moth larvae via topical application and by intra-haemocoelic injection which produced high levels of mortality in the larvae.

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Introduction of a Granulosis Virus of the Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera : Arctiidae) into Japan

Tosihiko HUKUHARA, Kazuyoshi KITAJIMA, Masato TAMURA

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 29-33
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.29

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A granulosis virus of the fall webworm was introduced from Yugoslavia into Japan and successfully established in a field plot. The virus persisted in the host populations in an enzootic state. Its distribution was not uniform and it occurred in certain foci. The surface soil in the plot was virus-contaminated. There was a correlation between the virus distributions in soil and in host population of the previous year. Soil samples collected from the surrounding area were also virus-contaminated.

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Histopathological Effects of Thiourea on the Ovarian Development of Calliphora erythrocephala

Vishwa DEEPAK, H.S. CHAUDHRY

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 34-37
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.34

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A study of the histopathological effects of thiourea on ovarian development of Calliphora erythrocephala was made by feeding their adults at 0.37% concentration for a period of first 48 hrs. The visible effects of chemosterilant were inhibition of development, irregular shape of follicle epithelial nuclei, clumping of chromatin material of follicle epithelial and nurse cell nuclei, vacuolation in the nurse cell and oocyte cytoplasm and delayed and poor synthesis of yolk in oocyte. The changes caused by thiourea have also been interpreted.

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Role of Insect Sex Pheromone in Mating Behavior. : II. An Aspect of Sex Pheromone as a Volatile Material

Yoshitoshi HIROOKA, Masana SUWANI

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 38-43
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.38

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The saturated vapor pressures of three compounds identified as a sex pheromone of Lepidoptera and related compounds are measured by the "gas-saturation method, " The values of saturated vapor pressure of these materials are 10X^-4-10X^-1 mmHg at 30°C. Vapor-liquid equilibrium of these pheromonal compounds is discussed in regard to these values for vapor pressure and mole fraction (or weight %).

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An Improved Method for Computing Heat Accumulation from Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures

Naoshi WATANABE

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 44-46
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.44

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Studies on Eupyrene and Apyrene Spermatozoa in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae) VI. The Factor Related to the Shrinkage of Apyrene Spermatozoa

Sadaya KATSUNO

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 47-48
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.47

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Occurrence of Non-Diapause Eggs by Injection of Adenosine-5'-Monophosphate into Bombyx Mori Pupae

Koichi SUZUKI, Shizuko TSUDA, Keiichiro MIYA

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 48-50
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.48

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Preliminary Observations on the Mating Behaviors of the White-spotted Tussock Moth, Orgyia thyellina (BUTLER) (Lepidoptera : Lymantridae)

Takeru SATO

1978 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 50-53
Published: February 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.50

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