Applied Entomology and Zoology

Efficiency of Sticky Boards for Population Estimation of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (STAL)(Hemiptera : Delphasidae) on Rice Hills

Toru NAGATA, Takeo MASUDA

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 55-62
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.55

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A simple sampling method using a sticky board of 18×25 cm for estimationg the population of brown planthopper nymphs on rice hills was developed and the efficiency of this method was studied.When a rice hill was struck by hand three times successively, about 90% of the total catch was caught by the initial two beatings. Approximately 40% of the total nymphs which fell around the rice hill were caught by a sticky board in the standard position. A significant correlation was obtained between the catch on the sticky board and the total number of fallen nymphs. Highly significant correlation coefficients were also obtained between the partial counts in the medial 1/2∼1/4 area of a sticky board and the whole board counts, suggesting that the partial count can be substituted for the whole board count.

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Spatial Distribution of Pine Bark Weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in Bait Logs

Ken YOSHIKAWA

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 63-75
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.63

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The changes in spatial distribution pattern throughout the developmental period of three species of pine bark weevils, Shirahoshizo spp. (including S. rufescens, S. insidiosus and S. pini), Pissodes nitidus and Pissodes obscurus were observed.There were some differences among the species as for the spatial distribution of oviposition sites, that is, random distribution of P. obscurus, contagious distribution of P. nitidus and uniform distribution of Shirahoshizo spp. But, in all cases, most of the eggs were laid in masses and the distribution of young larvae at their peak was aggregative or colonial, originating in the mass oviposition, regardless of the difference of the spatial distribution of oviposition sites. While the population grew up and larvae dispersed from their hatched sites, the tendency for larvae of all the three species to disperse into random or regular distribution was consistently observed. But after the operation of main mortality factors on each population, the degree of aggregation was increased. The final distribution of pupal chambers of Shirahoshizo spp. was uniform and, on the other hand, these of P. nitidus and P. obscurus were contagious or random.

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Experimental Studies on Parasitization by Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) : III. Comparison of Parasitization Potential among Females of Different Origins

Yoshibumi SATO

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 76-83
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.76

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A. glomeratus usually parasitizes on larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora in Kyoto, but in Sapporo it parasitizes not only on P. rapae, but also on P.napi nesis and Aporia crataegi adherbal. The frequency of parasitism on P. napi and A. crataegi was no lower than on P. rapae. The oviposition preference tests proved that the parasitoid of Sapporo population can attack both P. rapae and P. napi larvae indiscriminately. The potentiality of successful parasitization of different Pieris larvae and oviposition tendencies with parasitoids from different origins were examined by artificial parasitization. The parasitoids of Sapporo population were different from those of Kyoto population. The former can develop in P. melete larvae in which the latter can not because of a hemocytic reaction of the host. Among the Sapporo population, the parasitoids grown in A. crataegi in the field were different from those grown in Pieris larvae in their oviposition tendencies. This difference suggested that Sapporo population has some strains associated with a limited host species.

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Muscles Responsible for Feeding Behavior and Output Patterns during Mandibular Movements in the Larvae of Callopistria repleta (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)

Haruhisa WAGO, Daisuke YAMAMOTO

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 84-90
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.84

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The cephalic musculature involved in the feeding behavior of the larvae of Callopistria repleta was investigated anatomically in order to determine the muscles responsible for the mandibular movements. It was shown that the outward movement of the mandible was produced by the abductor while the inward movement by the adductor. Electromyogram recordings of these mucsles were carried out to determine their pattern of activity during mandibular movements. Electrical activities of the adductor during the inward movement of mandible were characterized by phasic bursts of firing.

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Studies on Eupyrene and Apyrene Spermatozoa in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae) : VII. The Motility of Sperm Bundles and Spermatozoa in the Reproductive Organs of Males and Females

Sadaya KATSUNO

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 91-96
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.91

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In Daizo and a hybrid of C 131×J 131, the apyrene sperm bundles in the testicular follicle and the apyrene spermatozoa in the seminal vesicle showed no motility. On the other hand, a few of eupyrene spermatozoa, whose part was partially freed from a bundle, and ordinal eupyrene sperm bundles in the testicular follicle showed a weak but distinct vibratile movement. The movement of those spermatozoa and sperm bundles in the seminal vesicle was observed in a few individuals of Daizo. In the female adult after mating, most of apyrene spermatozoa in the copulatory pouch showed a violent movement immediately after ejaculation. On the other hand, a small number of eupyrene spermatozoa in the copulatory pouch showed a gentle movement, and after migrating into the seminal receptacle from the copulatory pouch most of the eupyrene spermatozoa began to show a vigorous movement.

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Presence of Toxic Substance in Fungus Bodies of the Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii

Shigeo MURAKOSHI, Masakatsu ICHINOE, Akinori SUZUKI, Masaharu KANAOKA, ...

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 97-102
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.97

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Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii have been isolated from the diseased pupae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., and both fungi were demonstrated to be pathogenic to the silkworm. The production of a toxic substance in the dead pupae infected with each fungus was confirmed through a bioassay by use of artificial diets containing powder prepared from the dead pupae. The toxic substance was also detected in the fungus bodies of both fungi cultivated in surface culture on chemically-defined media. The toxic substance was lethal to silkworm larvae by oral administration and caused atonic symptoms in the larval bodies at less than lethal doses. A toxin named bassianolide has been isolated from the fungus bodies of both fungi which accounted for the lethality and toxicity accompanying the atonic symptom detected in the dead pupae infected with each fungus.

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Ovipositional Behavior of Papilio protenor demetrius CRAMER and the Factors Involved in its Host Plants

Taira ICHINOSE, Hiroshi HONDA

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 103-114
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.103

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Effect of various factors on the ovipositional behavior in Papilio demetrius CR. were examined and a factor(s) in the host-plants, which directly stimulates oviposition response, was explored.The "drumming" action of butterfly by the forelegs was indispensable for inducing the subsequent ovipositional behavior, and removal or manicure-coating of the foretarsi did completely prevent the oviposition response. In the female butterfly, characteristic brush-like trichoid sensilla were found on the ventral surface of the 5th tarsomere of foretarsi. The surface texture or color of the oviposition substrate had no relation to the oviposition response. Moisture per se also had no appreciable effect on eliciting oviposition, though it exhibited some effect with an oviposition stimulative factor(s) from the host-plants.Expressed juices from leaves of the Rutaceous host plants as well as from the epicarp of lemon elicited the normal oviposition response, but those from Rutaceous non-host plants had little or no effect. Although the steam distillate and extracts of leaves of the host plants with several organic solvents showed no activity on the oviposition, the water extract and the residual aqueous solutions were obviously effective. Several kinds of essential oils from the host plants and their authentic component chemicals had consistently to effect. The oviposition response of P. protenor seems to be caused not by these odorous components, but some contact-chemical factor(s).

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A Propylthio Moiety Essential to the Oviposition Attractant and Stimulant of the Onion Fly, Hylemya antiqua MEIGEN

Yukio ISHIKAWA, Toshiaki IKESHOJI, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 115-122
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.115

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Trapping by a Porapak Q column and GC-MS analysis of onion volatiles revealed 9 alkyl di- and trisulfides. Among these, dimethyl, methyl propyl and dipropyl trisulfides were newly identified in the headspace onion odor and the last two were found, for the first time, to have attractant-oviposition stimulating activity. From the bioassay tests of 24 synthetic and commercially obtained compounds, it was concluded that a propylthio moiety is essential for a compound to express the activity. These findings were discussed in relation to the host plant selection of onion fly and synergism among the onion odor components.

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A Rearing Experiment of Leucinodes orbonalis GUENEE (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) on Artificial Diets

B. N. ISLAM, M. E. HAQUE

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 123-124
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.123

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Possible Migration of Aphid Parasites(Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae)Across the East China Sea

Osamu MOCHIDA, Hajimu TAKADA

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 125-127
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.125

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Studies on Eupyrene and Apyrene Spermatozoa in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae)VIII. The Length of Spermatozoa

Sadaya KATSUNO

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 127-129
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.127

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Brain Hormone in the Head of Bombyx Moth (Lepidoptera : Bombucidae)

Masatoshi KOBAYASHI, Masayoshi YAMAZAKI

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 129-130
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.129

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Abdominal Constriction in the Copulated Female of Yellow Peach Moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis GUENEE(Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)

Jun-ichi KANEKO

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 131-133
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.131

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A clear abdominal constriction observed in the copulated female of yellow peach moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, proved to be so useful as a significant marker of "copulated".

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Feeding Stmulants for the Larvae of the Yellow Butterfly, Eurema hecabe mandarina(Lapidoptera : Pieridae)

Atsushi NUMATA, Kazuko HOKIMOTO, Atsuko SHIMADA, Hideo YAMAGUCHI, Kiyo ...

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 133-135
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.133

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(Z)-11-Hexadecenyl Acetate : A Sex-Pheromone Component of the Cabbage Armyworm Moth, Mamestra brassicae LINNE

Y. HIRAI, H. KIMURA, K. KAWASAKI, Y. TAMAKI

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 136-137
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.136

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Field Attractiveness of the Synthetic Sex-Pheromone of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)

Tatsuo KOSHIHARA, Hideo YAMADA, Yoshio TAMAKI, Tetsu ANDO

1978 年 13 巻 2 号 p. 138-141
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.13.138

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