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Shu IZUMIYAMA, Koichi SUZUKI, Keiichiro MIYA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
295-300
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Glycerol was found at a rather high level in ovaries and eggs of the two-spotted cricket (non-diapause species), Gryllus bimaculatus DE GEER. Haemolymph glycerol in the female adult was more abundant than in the male. Glycerol in the eggs accumulated throughout ovarian development after emergence, but decreased gradually with embryonic development. The physiological role of this substance was discussed in comparison with other insects and mammals.
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Shinkichi KOMAZAKI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
301-307
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Some differences in overwintering habits were noted between the populations of Aphis citricola on Spiraea thunbergii and on Citrus unshiu. A. citricola laid eggs at almost the same time on both plants. The aphid overwintered holocyclically and unholocyclically on spirea but only holocyclically on citrus. The time of egg hatching was different on the two plants, those on spirea hatching more than a month earlier than those on citrus. The sprouting of the host plant did not lead directly to the egg eclosion. The possibility was suggested that the two overwintering populations might differ from one another in their life cycles and that a biotypic differentiation might occur in this aphid. The appearance of emigrants on spirea was more than twenty days earlier than on citrus when the citrus grove invasion began. It was suggested that the spirea emigrants might not play a major role in the spring infestation in citrus groves but that the citrus overwintering population might be important in this infestation.
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Kentaro SUZUKI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
308-314
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Culturing of Lyctus brunneus (STEPH.) by the Buckwheat (Fagopirum sagittatum GILB.) Cake and a Tentative Method of the Determination of the Efficiency of Preservatives. As the culture medium of breeding beetles for the test of insecticides, the Buckwheat Cake had the best results. This medium was prepared by the mixture of the buckwheat flour and water (1 : 1 weight). This mixture was covered with a thin paper and this raw product was dried at 60°C for at least 24 hr. After being cooled to the room temperature, this product served as a good medium for culturing Lyctus brunneus. By the use of the Buckwheat Cake, the emergence of new adults began 2 to 4 months after the original beetles had been added. By the survey, 4.5 beetles could be obtained per 1 g of the buckwheat flour. The nutritional value of the Buckwheat Cake was considered to be sufficient for the culture medium of Lyctus brunneus. One of three kinds of preservatives was added in Buckwheat Cake to determine the efficient retention limits of these preservatives. Phoxim was the most effective (5 μg/g), Chlordane (20 μg/g) and boric acid (500 μg/g) followed it.
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Fumio HAYASHI, Masami HASEGAWA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
315-323
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
We reared all stages of Ixodes asanumai (Acarina : Ixodidae), a tick parasitic on the lizard Eumeces okadae in Miyake-jima, Izu Islands and described the morphological characteristics of its larva and nymph revealed by scanning electron microscope observation. In addition, body size, weight, and life cycle parameters were measured under the laboratory condition. The number of eggs was positively correlated with the body weight of engorged female. The number of eggs produced per mg body weight and the percentage of total egg weight to the body weight were calculated to be 11.1 and 49.4%, respectively.
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Kikuo IWABUCHI, Jiro TAKAHASHI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
324-329
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The spatial distribution pattern of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica NEWMAN was analyzed by the mX
*-m method and it was shown that the beetles were aggregative on a vine. The ratios of males to females on vines and shoots were 1.794 and 1.732, respectively. Experimental analyses showed that either sex tethered on a leaf attracted males, resulting in their accumulation. The attraction was also observed with ether extracts of the body surface of both sexes. This suggests that an airborne substance from the former occupants is responsible for the participation of males in the formation of an aggregation. However, the cause of female participation could not be determined.
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Makoto HATTORI, Akio SATO
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
330-334
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Rearing of the limabean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella, in large scale has been practically impossible without a technique to reduce cannibalism. This problem was resolved by isolating larvae on a diet with a multicellular unit. The rearing procedure is as follows : Newly hatched larvae were placed on the roughened surface of diet in each cell of the unit. The top of the multicellular unit was covered with rough papers and pressed with a magazine. The tray was then closed with a lid, its windows covered with net, and placed in darkness for three days. Afterwards, it was transferred to a constant temperature cabinet at 25°C under a 16-photoperiod. Ten days after trhe larval infestation, the magazine was removed. During the period from 12 to 16 days after infestation, the mature larvae were transferred daily to a plastic pot (9.5 cm diam.) with nonabsorbent cotton. After 20 days, pupae were collected from the cotton. By this xethod, 51.5% of the larvae introduced into the tray were recovered as moths. Eggs were collected by providing the cage in which the moths were released with a soybean twig covered with cheesecloth as an oviposition site.
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Tadashi TERUYA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
335-341
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Whether or not the semi-sterility of the melon fly, induced by irradiation with doses of 3 or 5 kR two days before adult emergence, could be transmitted to the FX
1 progeny was studied using the change in fecundity of the progeny. There was no detectable inherited sterility of FX
1 generation of melon flies treated with sub-sterilizing doses. No significant differences in fecundity among FX
1 progeny from crosses of untreated and treated flies were observed.
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Hajime MORI, Shigemi KAWASE
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
342-350
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
When cytoplasmic polyhedra from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were dissolved in alkaline condition, the polyhedron matrix protein, which has a molecular weight of 30, 000, was degraded into low molecular weight components as well as cases from some baculoviruses and entomopoxvirus. The quantity of the several degraded components depended on the duration of the dissolution in alkaline condition. To determine whether its degradation is due to the occurrence of alkaline protease in cytoplasmic polyhedra or not, protease activity has been measured by release of amino acids and oligopeptides from casein as a substrate. This degradation occured at pH 11.0 markedly, and 40°C was an optimum temperature. It was heat labile, i.e., 95% of the activity was destroyed by heating at 50°C for 15 min, and mercuric ion. From these results it has been confirmed that the cleavage of polyhedron protein is due to alkaline protease.
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Masao FUKUI, Shozo TAKAHASHI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
351-356
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A male pheromone was extracted and isolated from the cuticular wax of mature males of Nauphoeta cinerea. This is considered to be an intermale recognition pheromone which functions in recognition by conspecific males through antennal contact. The chemical structure of the pheromone was identified as octadecyl (Z)-9-tetracosenoate, for which the name "nauphoetin" was proposed.
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Shozo TAKAHASHI, Masao FUKUI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
357-360
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Nauphoetin, octadecyl (Z)-9-tetracosenoate, and related compounds were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated. Mixing with the wing-raising stimulant of Nauphoeta cinerea, nauphoetin and its isomers suppressed wing-raising. The related compounds consisting of saturated esters showed no suppressive activity.
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Yosiaki ITO, Isoko HATTORI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
361-370
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A nolid moth, Nola innocua BUTLER is a kleptoparasite of aphids which form galls on Distylium racemosum trees. Larvae of this species bore into galls of Nipponaphis distyliicola MONZEN in summer and Monzenia globuli (MONZEN) or Metanipponaphis sp. A in autumn, and feed on the internal tissues leaving faeces in the gall. The aphids in attacked galls consequently die. A single moth larva consumes more than two galls and pupates outside the galls on twigs. Nola is the most important mortality agency of these aphids within their galls. The moth larvae cannot feed on mature leaves of Distylium. Young leaves are also avoided. The moth successively attacks N. distyliicola galls in its summer generation and galls of M. globuli or Metanipponaphis in the autumn generation. These observations suggest that Nola innocua has become highly specialized to its kleptoparasitic life within the aphid galls.
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Hiroaki NAKAMORI, Kuniatu SIMIZU
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
371-381
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Comparative studies of flight ability were conducted in one wild and two mass-reared strains of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae, using a flight mill. A wild strain collected from the field as larvae was reared for 2 generations on pumpkin fruit. Two mass-reared strains, herein called new and old strains, were reared for about 15 and 51 generations, respectively, in a mass-rearing facility. Although there was wide variety in the duration of continuous flights among individual adults, flies of the wild strain flew longer than those of the two mass-reared strains. In the latter, the average duration of continuous flights reached a peak at an earlier adult age than in the wild strain, and then decreased. In the wild strain, the peak average duration was reached later, but the high level was longer than in the mass-reared strains. The flight velocity of the mass-reared strains was higher than that of the wild strain. No difference in flight ability between the new and old mass-reared strains was observed. Artificial rearing over many generations under laboratory conditions seemed responsible for these results.
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Nobuhiko HOKYO, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Minoru MURAI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
382-391
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The eggs of Cavelerius saccharivorus laid by 2nd- and 3rd-generation females from late October to early February were incubated at various temperatures. Those laid in late October and early November showed delayed development at a high temperature of 27°C. This gradually disappeared as eggs were laid later in the adult life, and most eggs laid in mid-November or later showed nondiapause development at 27°C. However, even eggs developing without delay at 27°C entered diapause at a lower temperature higher (15-20°C) than the developmental zero. The egg diapause thus induced was readily terminated by a high temperature (27°C).
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Yosihiro NATUHARA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
392-400
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
From the results of tethered flight tests using adults of R. clavatus collected form field, two kinds of flight were discriminated, a short flight of within 10 min and a long flight exceeding 10 min. Under a long day condition, females which fed on 10 adzuki bean seeds flew less actively than those fed on 1 seed. Male flight activity was higher than that of females when they were given 10 seeds. Even under a short day condition, flight activity of both females and males was lower with 10 seeds supplied than with 1. When females were reared on different numbers of adzuki beans (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seeds), the cumulative number of eggs laid increased linearly with an increase in food quantity. At the same time flight activity was constantly high when the food quantity was below 2 seeds, and then the activity decreased with more than 5 seeds. Five days after emergence, the food was removed and the flight activity of females became higher than those of fed, control females.
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Masahiro KOHNO, Tatsuji CHUMAN, Kunio KATO, Masao NOGUCHI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
401-406
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Preference tests of the adult cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne FABRICIUS, for various host foods and extract from cured tobacco leaves were carried out under laboratory conditions. Results obtained were as follows : (1) The females were strongly attracted to cured tobacco leaves but the males were not. (2) Among the 11 items of host food other than cured tobacco leaves, toasted coffee meal was most attractive and among the 9 varieties of coffee assayed, var. Brazil was the most attractive. (3) The toasted coffee bean meals (var. Brazil) were less attractive than cured tobacco leaves (var. Samsun U). (4) The lower tobacco leaves were more attractive than the upper ones, and the rapidly dried leaves were far less active than the usually flue-cured ones. Turkish tobacco (Samsun U) was more attractive than any of the burley, domestics or flue-cured tobaccos. (5) All the active substances in cured tobacco leaves were extractable with dichloromethane and steam-distillable.
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Toshio SHONO
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
407-415
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The Wakamatsu-m strain of housefly was established from a colony collected in Kitakyushu, Japan, and selected for 18 successive generations with malathion. This strain possesses high malathion carboxylesterase activity, high glutathione S-transferase activity and insensitive acetylcholinesterase, as the mechanisms of resistance. The linkage group of the dominant factor controlling malathion carboxylesterase activity was analyzed by the FX
1 male backcross method using two susceptible visible marker strains. Malathion carboxylesterase activity was estimated with X
14C-malathion as a substrate. Results of the crossing experiments clearly showed that only the 2nd chromosome was associated with a dominant factor controlling malathion carboxylesterase activity and the other four autosomes did not show any dominant effect on malathion carboxylesterase. These crossing experiments also revealed that the male determining factor, M, was located on the 5th chromosome in Wakamatsu-m strain.
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Jun TAGAWA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
416-427
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
To locate female sex pheromone glands of the parasitic wasps Apanteles, 7 species of this genus were investigated, which were A. plutellae, A. lipardis, A. baoris, A. kariyai, A. ruficrus, A. sp (1). and A. sp (2). Behavioural tests on A. plutellae showed that most of the males (13/20) responded to the ovipositor and the 9th tergite of the female with vibrating their wings, and that 4 and 3 of 11 males showed wing vibrating behaviour to the ovipositor and to the 9th tergite respectively. Histological observations on every Apanteles species manifested that a pair of secretory glands located on the inner surface of the 2nd valvifer and that a pair of patches of epithelial secretory cells on the 9th tergite. The organs on the 9th tergite, however, were also found in males. Therefore, the glands on the 2nd valvifers were considered the sex pheromone organs. SEM observations on the outer surfaces of the female genitalia of some Apanteles supported this conclusion, because there were some tiny pores on the 2nd valvifers corresponding with the loci of the glands and no pores on the 9th tergites. Sex pheromones of Apanteles group were considered to be secreted through these pores.
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S. BELLONCIK, C. BONENFANT
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
428-431
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Sigeru MORIUTI, Koji YASUDA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
431-432
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Koji HORI, Yasuo HORI, Katsuhisa KURAMOCHI
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
432-435
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Shozo TAKAHASHI, Yasuo SATO, Tuyosi KODAMA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
435-437
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Hajime IKEMOTO
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
438-439
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Hideharu NUMATA, Toshitaka HIDAKA
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
439-441
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yoshiomi KATO, Sakae SAKATE
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
441-443
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Sadahiro TATSUKI, Masaaki KURIHARA, Kenji USUI, Yoshiko OHGUCHI, Kyoic ...
1983 年 18 巻 3 号 p.
443-446
発行日: 1983/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
