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Nobutake HABU, Mikio IGA, Ken'ichi NUMAZAWA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
1-7
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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To confirm the effectiveness of the sterile fly release method for eradication of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis HENDEL, experimental control was attempted utilizin this method on a group of small islets known as the Muko Jima Group of the Ogasawara Islands. Estimating the wild population density of this fly, we released about 3 million sterilized pupae per month against 98, 000 wild files from May 22 to September, 1978, a total of 11.3 million pupae were released during about four months. The ratio of marked to unmarked files caught in monitor traps was 26.27 in June, 1978 and increased rapidly, reaching 299 four months after the first release. Concurrent field surveys demonstrated that only one female emerged from 2, 088 host fruits collected in Muko Jima in August, 1978 and no fly was recovered from 15, 000 host fruits subsequently examined.
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Hidenori KAI, Takashi KAWAI, Akihiro KANETO
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
8-14
Published: February 25, 1984
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The esterase A
4 (Ease A
4) has been obtained from Shi 108 Bombyx diapause eggs using isoelectric focusing. In the chilling of eggs to terminate diapause, this Ease A
4 activity increased characteristically with steep rise at the completion of the diapause development. But no increase of amino acid incorporation into this Ease A
4 was observed in the experiment of
14C-leucine injection into eggs and pupae. The low temperature causes a latent enzyme to be set in motion as a signal for the completion of the diapause development.
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Takahisa SUZUKI, Jotaro KOZAKI, Ryozo SUGAWARA, Kenji MORI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
15-20
Published: February 25, 1984
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The biological activities of seven optically active analogs of the aggregation pheromone of Tribolium castaneum stereoselectively synthesized from (R)-(+)-citronellic acid (100% e.e.) and/or (S)-(-)-2-methyl-1-butanol (93% e.e.) were tested and compared with those of their corresponding racemates and the four optical isomers of the pheromone. The 4S-analogs showed no activity at doses of not less than 1, 000 ng, whereas all 4R-analogs were active at 1.0-1, 000 ng, especially (4R, 8RS)-4, 8-dimethyldecanal (VII) had strong activity showing an 40.3% of attractiveness at a dose of 1.0 ng. The 8S-analog was rather repulsive. The presence of the 4R methyl group was indispensable for the activity. The aggregation activities of the two optical isomers of the pheromone, (4R, 8R)- and (4R, 8S)-4, 8-dimethyldecanals were tested in various mixtures of them. A (8 : 2) mixture was most active and significant difference even at a dose of 0.1 ng, which was about ten times more attractive than (4R, 8R)-isomer alone. The (4R, 8S)-isomer had no activity at doses of not less than 10 ng when used alone. The (4R, 8S)-isomer acted as a synergist. This suggested the possibility that the natural pheromone of T. castaneum might be a mixture of (4R, 8R)- and (4R, 8S)-isomers.
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Nozomu MINAGAWA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
21-26
Published: February 25, 1984
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Radopholoides triversus n. sp. was detected from the rhizosphere of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. This species is distinguished from others by having three, rather than four, incisures in the lateral field and by the absence of a spine on the tail terminus. Radopholoides is placed in the subfamily Radopholinae of the family Pratylenchidae. Subfamilies Hoplotylinae and Acontylinae are synonymous with Radopholinae, and subfamily Hirschmanniellinae is treated as a junior synonym of Pratylenchinae. The key to subfamilies and genera of Pratylenchidae is given.
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Hideo BANNO
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
27-32
Published: February 25, 1984
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The durations of egg, larval and pupal stages of N. sappho were studied at 16, 19, 22 and 25°C. Larvae were reared on three kinds of food, Wistaria floribunda, Pueraria labata and Robinia pseudo-acacia at each temperature. The thermal constants and thresholds of development for the three stages, the critical day-length for larval diapause, the longevity of adults and the time required for ovarian eggs to mature were determined. The seasonal life cycle of N. sappho was estimated from the results of these experiments and climatic data in Tokyo. It was inferred that food plants may influence the voltinism of N. sappho.
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Chikayoshi KITAMURA, Sadao WAKAMURA, Shozo TAKAHASHI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
33-41
Published: February 25, 1984
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Chemical analyses of the ventral secretions of some Heteroptera were caried out according to two different sampling methods, solvent extraction of the secretion and adsorption of the airborne components onto the porous polymer beads. Relative amounts of each components differed according to the sampling methods, and suggested that major components in the solvent extract of the secretion did not always constitute volatile portion.Observation of the adult Halyomorpha mista with scanning electron microscope revealed that the cuticles surrounding the orifice of the metathoracic glands was elaborated into mushroom-like structures. And the setae born at the posterior margin of mesosternum possessed the so-called tree-like structure. These structures were supposed to help the active aldehyde in hydrocarbons to evaporate into the air.
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Norio ARAKAKI, Hiroyuki KUBA, Hiroshi SOEMORI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
42-51
Published: February 25, 1984
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Mating behavior of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis HENDEL, was studied under laboratory conditions. The precopulation period was quite variable and 29 days were needed for 50% accumulated mating. Ovaries developed with time, and mated females consisted of those with ovaries in an advanced stage of development. Courtship behavior and general pattern of the daily activity rhythm of the oriental fruit fly proved very similar to those of the melon fly, described in earlier studies. Interspecific copulation between two species was not observed.
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Hideaki HASUI, Kozaburo OZAKI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
52-58
Published: February 25, 1984
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Zymograms of protein, AliE and AChE of the susceptible (LE) and the resistant (Rm, Rf, M and Sh) straubs of Nilaparvata lugens STÅL were detected by disk electrophoresis method. Zymograms of protein were separated into eighteen bands (Pro-1, -2, …, and -18). The number of bands and migration rates were the same in each strain, but the resistant strains showed remarkably higher activities of Pro-4, -8, -11, -12 and -13 bands than those of the LE strain. The AliE were separated into two bands of E-1 and E-2. The resistant strains showed remarkably higher activities of E-1 and E-2 bands than those of the LE stain. The AChE were separated into eight bands (C-1, -2, …, and -8). C-4 and C-8 bands were not detected in the LE strain. However, the activity of C-3 band in the Rf strain was lower than that of the LE strain. The relative migration rates of Pro-11, -12 and -13 bands were the same as E-1 and C-8 bands. Therefore the suggestion was made that the activities of these proteins might have some importance in the resistance mechanism of N. lugens.
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Koji NAKAMURA, Idrus ABBAS, Ahsol HASYIM
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
59-66
Published: February 25, 1984
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Two "species" of Sumatran epilachnine beetles, which are similar to Henosepilachna sparsa DIEKE, were reared under laboratory condition to study their survivorship and fertility schedules. The "species C" fed on bitter cucumber and "species D" on squash. The mean longevity of the males (70.5 days in sp. C and 88.6 in sp. D) was longer than that of females (63.8 days in sp. C and 63.9 in sp. D). The mean length of the pre-reproductive period (18.9 days in sp. C and 15.5 in sp. D) was longer than that of post-reproductive period (4.0 days in sp. C and 5.2 in sp. D). The females of the two species laid eggs at a nearly constant rate throughout their reproductive period. The reproductive value V
χ/V
0 of the two species remained at high level for most of adult life, resulting from the prolonged survivorship and fertility schedules. The total number of eggs produced per female was 651.9 (sp. C) and 763.8 (sp. D). The intrinsic rate of natural increase γwas 0.10 (sp. C) and 0.12 (sp. D) per capita per day. The demographic taits of these Sumatran species are discussed in comparison with temperate species.
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Hiroshi KAJITA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
67-74
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Laboratory observations indicated that efficiencies of Campylomma sp. in attacking the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD), were 70-100% in all cases of different predator and prey developmental stages except for five in which young mirids attached old whiteflies. The handling time and feedling time and feeding time increased with an increase in whitefly instar and decreased with an increase in mirid instar; for young mirids these periods were shorter when old whiteflies were attached. When the whiteflies aged, the region where stylet insertion took place changed from the dorsal part of the prey to the side. An important factor determining successful insertion of the stylets may be the thickness of the prey cuticle.
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Yukio ISHIKAWA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO, Masaaki TSUTSUMI, Yasushi MITSUI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
75-81
Published: February 25, 1984
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A single-release and repeated-recapture experiment was carried out to (1) evaluate the attractancy of a newly found chemical attractant, 2-phenylethanol, to the onion and seed-corn files, Hylemya antiqua and H. platura and (2) obtain some population parameters and data on the distribution and behavior of these flies in the field. Both onion and seed-corn flies responded to 2-phenylethanol similarly regardless of sex, though males seemed more responsive than females. The distribution of both species was concentrated in the onion field and density in other crops seemed low. Released flies dispersed slowly and the distance of dispersion until capture averaged 19.3 m. Population parameters estimated for the onion fly males, females and both combined were as follows : total populations, 1, 160, 1, 720, 3, 260; daily recapture rates, 10.4%, 7.0%, 7.4% and daily survival rates, 0.48, 0.42, 0.52.
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Kiyoshi NAKAMUTA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
82-86
Published: February 25, 1984
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Prey searching movement of a ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata L., was analyzed using a videorecorder to evaluate the insect's visual orientation toward its prey. The ladybeetle oriented toward the aphid prey at a distance of 7 mm under light conditions; it also orientated toward a dummy prey at a 8 mm distance. However, under dark conditions, the ladybeetle did not orientate toward the prey at even a 2 mm distance and, upon coming in contact with it, turned around, rushed toward the aphid and "captured" it. These results suggest that the ladybeetle visually perceives the prey only at close proximity.
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Charles Yaw BREMPONG-YEBOAH, Tetsuo SAITO, Tadashi MIYATA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
87-94
Published: February 25, 1984
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The
14C-labelled pyrethroids were synthesized and the wash-off technioque was employed to investigate their rates of penetration through the cuticle of the armyworm, Pseudaletia separata WALKER, at two dose levels, 0.23 μg/insect and the LD
95 doses of the insecticides. No distinct relationships between toxicities and penetration rates nor between toxicities and excretion rates were obtained. All the synthetic pyrethroids tested showed a biphasic or a multi-phasic penetration behaviour.
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Makoto MASAKI, Katsumi OHMURA, Fumihiko ICHINOHE
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
95-106
Published: February 25, 1984
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The host range of Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) was investigated in cultivated and wild plants in the laboratory. Out of 108 species of candidate plants, representing 49 families, the adults fed on the leaves of 101 species in 46 families. The larvae fed on the roots of 55 species in 24 families, out of 68 candidates, in 29 families. These "positive" plants were classified as severe, moderate and light, according to the extent of injury caused by adult and larval feeding. Ninety species in 45 families were newly recorded hosts for adults and 46 species in 21 families for larvae. O. sulcatus is highly polyphagous but it appears that the favorite hosts of both adults and larvae are those in the rose family, Rosaceae.
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Toshiaki SHIMIZU, Jun-ichi FUKAMI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
107-109
Published: February 25, 1984
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Tadashi TERUYA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
109-111
Published: February 25, 1984
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Akio OTAKE, Seiichi MORIYA, Masakazu SHIGA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
111-114
Published: February 25, 1984
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Shinkichi KOMAZAKI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
114-117
Published: February 25, 1984
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Shozo TAKAHASHI, Junji KATABAYASHI
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
117-119
Published: February 25, 1984
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Takashi NODA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
119-120
Published: February 25, 1984
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Yosiaki ITO
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
121-123
Published: February 25, 1984
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Kiyoshi NAKAMUTA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
123-125
Published: February 25, 1984
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Hirotada TAMURA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
125-129
Published: February 25, 1984
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Yoshio TSUDA, Toshiharu YOSHIDA
1984 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages
129-131
Published: February 25, 1984
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