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Toru NAGATA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
357-362
Published: August 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Yoshiaki KONO, Yukiaki MANABE, Yasuo SATO
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
363-369
Published: August 25, 1986
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Insecticidal activities of three AChE inhibiting insecticides, TIA-230, fenitrothion and carbaryl, were compared in Spodoptera litura larvae. Inhibitory activities of the insecticides to AChE of isolated nerve cords and to AliE of fat body and haemolymph were also investigated. By injection, TIA-230 was the most insecticidal with an LD
501/7.5 that of carbaryl. Fenitrothion was the least active, but its activated form, fenitroxon, showed tha same level of activity as TIA-230. There was no correlatino between insecticidal activiy and AChE inhibition. Fenitroxon showed very high affinity to AliE, so sequestering of this compound by AliE seemed to be one of the degradation factors. In TIA-230, the sequestering was not a degradation factor because of its low affinity to AliE. These results explained well why TIA-230 showed potent activity and fenitrothion did not. As to carbaryl, although oxidation and sequestering were ruled out as main degradation factors, the main factor could not be identified in these studies.
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Kenzi TAKAMURA, Masayuki YASUNO
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
370-376
Published: August 25, 1986
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Benthic macroinvertebrates were surveyed in rice fields in which three pesticide applications were adopted ; no pesticide, herbicide only, and herbicide+insecticide+fungicide.Abundant taxa were chironomid and ostracod. The populations of these animals fluctuated widely in the pesticide-treated rice fields. Larval populations of odonates and dytiscids which prey on chironomid larvae and ostracods, were depressed according as various pesticides were applied. The low density of predators presumably allowed the large increase in the populations of chironomids and ostracods. However, competition between chironomids and ostracods, as well as the direct toxic effect of pesticides, may have suppressed the increase of their numbers in some degree. Benthic algae decreased with most applications of herbicide. The algae showed a slight increase probably due to heavy grazing by chironomids and ostracods and to herbicide toxicity in the pesticide-treated fields.
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Kazuki TSUJI, Yosiaki ITO
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
377-381
Published: August 25, 1986
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Workers of a queenless, thelytokous, worker-reproducing ant, Pristomyrmex pungens defend their nests, food resources (aphid colonies) and recruitment trails against workers of other conspecific colonies as well as against other ant species. The hypothesis that queens contribute colony specific odor as an intercolonial discrimination mechanism cannot apply to this species. Roles of environmental odor and genetically determined odor of workers should be evaluated in future.
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Norio ARAKAKI, Yoshiaki GANAHA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
382-388
Published: August 25, 1986
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Emergence and mating of the braconid Apanteles flavipes (CAMERON) were studied both in the field and laboratory. Both sexes emerged simultaneously usually within 2 hr after sunrise. Light played an important role in the commencement of emergence. The time required for total emergence was 47.3 min on the average in 30 cocoon masses. On emerging the adults did not immediately fly away, but remained on the undersurface of sugar cane leaves located within ca. 50 cm from the coccons. The first copulation occurred 10 min after the start of emergence and all of the emerged females had copulated within 40 min after the first mating was observed. Males exhibited polygamous mating, but females monogamous. A copulation lasted for 14.6 sec on the average, and males could copulate successively. The sex ratio of 1, 570 adults emerging from 30 cocoon masses was strongly biased in favor of females, 1 ♂ : 4.1 ♀ ♀, but fluctuated widely in each cocoon mass (0.08-18.67). The insemination ratio of females attained 98.0% in the wild population.
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Tetsuo GOTOH
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
389-393
Published: August 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Life-history parameters of Tetranychus viennensis ZACHER were investigated at 25±1°C and 15L-9D. The total developmental time was 12.1 (♀) and 11.9 (♂) days. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r
m), net reproductive rate (R
0) and mean generation time (T) were 0.172, 32.32 and 22.14, respectively. These parameters are compared with data on Tetranychus urticae KOCH.
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Tsugihiko KAMIO, Jun MITSUHASHI, Kozo FUJISAKI
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
394-398
Published: August 25, 1986
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Primary cultures of the developing adult tissues in nymphs of Haemaphysalis longicornis were described. All cultures were incubated at 25°C in Leibovitz L-15 medium, pH 7.0, supplemented with 10% trytpose phosphate broth and 10% fetal bovine serum. The migrated cells from explants were of mostly fibroblast-like, epitherial-like or freely suspended type. They started to migrate within 24 hr after the culture was set up and formed cell networks by 30 days later. The cultures could be maintained for about 100 days. Subculturings of migrated cells, however, were unsuccessful and the cells began to degenerate resulting in remarkable reduction of their numbers after about 1 month.
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Hiroshi HONDA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
399-404
Published: August 25, 1986
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EAG responses to 21 monoterpene compounds were compared between the two types of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (GUENEE). The fruit-feeding type (FFT) females responded more highly to 17 compounds than males, whereas no sexual difference was found in the Pinaceae-feeding type (PFT). Both sexes of PFT responded to alcohols, aldehydes and ketones significantly higher than did FFT. The cluster analysis of EAG responses of each type showed a definite difference in the antennal olfactory spectra between FFT and PFT. From these facts, it was concluded that FFT and PFT are probably taxonomically different species.
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Shu IZUMIYAMA, Koichi SUZUKI
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
405-410
Published: August 25, 1986
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Oxygen consumption in the eggs of two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (non-diapause species) increased gradually with embryonic development, but in the eggs of emma field cricket, Teleogryllus emma (diapause species) it decreased after diapause initiation. The contents of ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP in the eggs of two-spotted cricket increased throughout embryonic development. On the other hand, the contents of four triphosphates in the eggs of emma field cricket increased during the period of pre-diapause, but decreased after diapause initiation. In particular, the decrease of UTP and CTP was conspicuous at diapause initiation. The contents of UTP and CTP also increased at early stages of diapause development and embryonic development. UTP and CTP in the eggs of emma field cricket might play an important role in the regulation of early embryonic development, intervening diapause.
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Kazuhiro MATSUDA, Satoshi SENBO
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
411-416
Published: August 25, 1986
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The salicaceae-feeding leaf beetle, Lochmaeae capreae cribrata does not feed on a few salicaceous plants such as Salix integra, S. chaenomeloides and S. koriyanagi. Chlorogenic acid was isolated as the feeding deterrent from the water exudates of S. integra leaves. It is contained at high levels in S. integra, S. chaenomeloides and S. koriyanagi. This chemical did not act as a feeding deterrent to Plagiodera versicolora distincta which accepted these plants. These results suggest that the rejection of the three salicaceous plants by L. c. cribrata is due to the high levels of chlorogenic acid. In comparing the feeding behavior of various leaf beetles, it appeared that many species responded to the chemical as a feeding deterrent. Thus chlorogenic acid, which is widely distributed in the plant kingdom appears to play a defensive role in the host plant selection of certain phytophagous insects.
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Tosiro YASUDA, Ken-ichi ABE
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
417-423
Published: August 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The hepialid moth E. hosei TINDALE is recorded for the first time as a pest of eucalyptus in Sabah. The larval, pupal and imaginal stages are described and figured.
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Hironori SAKURAI, Tetsushi HIRANO, Susumu TAKEDA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
424-429
Published: August 25, 1986
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The lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata bruckii is basically bivoltine in Japan, in which the 1st-generation adults aestivate while the 2nd-ones hibernate. In the aestivating adults the respiration and oogenesis were inhibited completely and the topical application of juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) to them induced the termination of aestivation. Whereas in the hibernating adults the respiration rate remained at a relatively high level and transferring them to 25°C from the outdoor induced immediately the ovarian development, but JHA stimulated slightly the oogenesis and respiration. Observation indicates that the aestivation is the true diapause controlled by corpus allatum, whereas the hibernation is not. Voltinism type of C. septempunctata in Japan is quite different from that in Europe.
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Ken-ichi OGAWA, Tozo KANDA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
430-435
Published: August 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The wingbeat frequencies were studied of some anopheline mosquitoes including vectors of human malaria and filariasis in East Asia. These frequencies showed low values in newly emerged of both sexes, and rose with increasing age during the first 2 days after emergence. Thereafter, the frequencies were maintained at high constant levels for more than several days. The wingbeat frequency of a mated female was not significantly different from that of a virgin female of the same age, while there was a slight difference between a blood-fed female and a non blood-fed one. There was a correlation between wingbeat frequency and wing length in each sex among the 13 colonies of 8 species. The wingbeat frequencies of mosquitoes in a colony varied widely and the standard errors of the mean frequencies overlapped among species and taxa.
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Yoshihisa ABE
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
436-447
Published: August 25, 1986
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Geographic parthenogenesis occurs in the Andricus mukaigawae complex, which consists of bivoltine heterogonic A. mukaigawae and univoltine thelytokous A. targionii. The former occurs in a more southerly region than the latter. The unisexual generation of A. mukaigawae is hardly distinguishable from A. targionii by external morphology.In the northern habitat of A. mukaigawae, A targionii is considered to have evolved from A. mukaigawae almost instantaneously without spatial isolation. This phenomenon can be attributed to the failure of a genetically regulatory switch from thelytoky to bisexuality. Further, the change in voltinism-the deletion of bisexual generation-seems to result in adaptation to the cold northern climate.The bisexual adult of A. mukaigawae is described here. Unisexual adults, life cycles and galls of both A. mukaigawae and A. targionii are redescribed.
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Mamoru WATANABE, Kazuo NOZATO, Keizi KIRITANI
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
448-453
Published: August 25, 1986
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In order to assess the fecundity and the fertility (oviposition rate) of the black swallowtail butterflies (BSB), Papilio helenus and P. protenor, the number of eggs in the ovaries of field-collected females was examined by dissection. Eggs were classified into three categories according to the degree of their maturation. Estimated fecundities (number of eggs in ovaries for the youngest age class) were 530 in P. helenus and 410 in P. protenor. Oviposition of the BSB took place from afternoon to evening. Young females were found to deposit 80 and 35 eggs a day and old females 60 and 25 eggs in P. helenus and P. protenor, respectively. Thus, P. helenus likely has a greater fecundity than P. protenor.
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Tetsuo GOTOH
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
454-460
Published: August 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The annual life cycle of a Tetranychus urticae KOCH population on red currant plant, Ribes rubrum L., and diapause incidence of the populations from red currant and red clover, Trifolium pratense L., were studied in Sapporo, northern Japan. The mites appeared on leaves in late April, and the occurrence ended between mid-and late November when defoliation of the red currant leaves occurred completely. The population har 6 or 7 generations a year, but all stages were seen on the leaves in early winter. The photoperiodic responses of the populations from red currant and red clover were similar to each other, and the proportions of diapausing females reached 96 to 100% at 10 hr of light. In the field, the proportion of diapausing females did not reach 100% in the red currant and red clover populations even in early winter. These show that the red currant and red clover populations include the small number of non-diapausing individuals.
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Takahisa SUZUKI, Kazuo HAGA, Yasumasa KUWAHARA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
461-466
Published: August 25, 1986
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Perillene was identified from the ether extract of the secretion of the thrips, Leeuwenia pasanii (Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae), on the basis of GLC, TLC, MS and synthesis. Four saturated hydrocarbons (dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane and pentadecane) were also identified from the extract, in which tridecane was a major component (66.5%). The contents of perillene and pentadecane were 17.7 and 12.7%, respectively. This species aggregates in a leaf-gall, and perillene may serve as an alarm pheromone in the colony. This is the first report on identification of components of secretion of thrips.
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Akio TAKAFUJI, Hiroaki FUJIMOTO
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
467-473
Published: August 25, 1986
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Patterns of hatching and winter survival were studied on the eggs of non-diapausing populations of Panonychus citri (MCGREGOR) on pear and citrus in Takatsuki, Osaka Prefecture, together with changes in population density and stage structure of the populations.Most non-diapausing eggs laid on pear twigs in autumn hatched by mid-December and the individuals that hatched from the eggs all starved to death. Eggs that had not hatched by that time could not successfully overwinter at all, whereas on citrus the eggs as well as the other stages survived the winter. On pear no individuals of P. citri were observed until mid-August but thereafter the population showed a rapid increase to an outbreak level. These results showed that the non-diapausing population on pear connot maintain itself throughout the year and the population consists of immigrants from outside of the pear orchard.
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Hiroaki NODA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
474-476
Published: August 25, 1986
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Yasuyuki SAKURATANI, Koichi SHIMIZU, Etsuji SHIROUCHI
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
476-478
Published: August 25, 1986
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Rikio SATO, Noriyoshi ABE, Hajime SUGIE, Minoru KATO, Kenji MORI, Yosh ...
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
478-480
Published: August 25, 1986
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Tetsuo GOTOH
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
480-481
Published: August 25, 1986
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Hiroshi KAJITA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
482-484
Published: August 25, 1986
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Hiroshi KAJITA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
484-486
Published: August 25, 1986
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Michihiro KOBAYASHI, Yoshifumi HASHIMOTO, Hajime MORI, Toshihiro NAGAM ...
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
486-489
Published: August 25, 1986
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Hiroshi HONDA
1986 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
489-491
Published: August 25, 1986
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