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E.S. NNAKUMUSANA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
1-6
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Many moribund and dead Palthothyreus tarsatus FAB. and Camponotus spp. infected with Cordyceps myrmecophila (CES) were collected from Kibale and Zika forests (5 km outside of Entebbe in Uganda), and fixed for histological studies. These studies revealed that the fungus colonized in tissues of the head and thorax only. It invaded the tissue just behind the eye, attacked the brain, and the fat body was completely destroyed. The host cells in contact with the invading hyphae were quite completely destroyed and the surrounding tissues of the host were in a state of disorganization. The thoracic muscles and skeletal muscles were heavily invaded. The haemocoel between the cuticle and skeletal muscle was invaded by the vegatative hyphae. The mesentron was also attacked by the vegetative hyphae. There were major cellular losses due to a strong enzymatic activity. A variation in size of oblique perithecia was noted.
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E.S. NNAKUMUSANA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
7-12
Published: February 25, 1987
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Coelomomyces stegomyiae is reported from Uganda for the first time. Laboratory sutides were conducted to determine the susceptibility of various larval instars of Aedes aegypti to zygotes of Coelomomyces stegomyiae at varous temperatures. The fungus was most effective between 23 to 28°C with mortality rate of 99.8% for first and second instar larvae, respectively. Below 20°C the infection progressed very slowly and the infection was not significant. At temperature above 28°C the infection declined and at 32°C there was only 20% mortality in the first and second instar larvae, respectively, but 0% infection for the third and fourth instar larvae, exposed to 32°C. The larvae of first and second instars were more susceptible than those of the htird and fourth instars. At 32°C the zygotes attached to the larval cuticle but many of them did not penetrate the cuticle to infect the larvae.
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Sadaya KATSUNO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
13-18
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The origin of the eupyrene and apyrene spermatozoa, and resulting spermatogenesis were investigated by the histological observation of testes and cytological observation of germ cells. It was found that the time of differentiation and determination of both types of spermatozoa occurred between the stage of the spermatogonia and leptotene stage of the spermatocytes. Furthermore, during apyrene spermatogenesis, it was determined that the disposition of the chromosomes is irregular in meiotic division.
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Seiichi MORIYA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
19-24
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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An automatic data acquisition and calculation system for a flight mill was assembled to measure the flight abilities of Plautia stali. Data for calculating the total flight distance and total duration of flight were automatically recorded. The simultaneous operation of five flight mills has become possible under the control of a programmable controller. Through introduction of a microcomputer into the system, eight flight mills can be operated simultaneously. Flight abilities of laboratory-reared stink bugs were easily measured by this system.
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Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Shigeru MATSUYAMA, Takahisa SUZUKI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
25-28
Published: February 25, 1987
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In the extract of field-collected male cerambycid beetles Xylotrechus chinensis CHEVROLAT, three components were found as male-characteristic scent principles by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Their chemical structures were identified as 2, 3-octanediol, 2-hydroxy-3-octanone and 3-hydroxy-2-octanone, by comparison of their GLC retention times with those of authentic compounds using a fused silica capillary column and also comparison of their mass fragmentation patterns derived from a capillary GC/MS with authentic compounds.
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Yukio KIRITANI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
29-34
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Although Carbula humerigera may enter diapause and overwinter at the nymphal stage in response to a short photoperiod, it is still sensitive to photoperiod at the adult stage. At 25°C, the females laid eggs in a long photoperiod (14 hr or longer) but not in a short one (13.5 hr or shorter). At 20°C, the critical daylength is longer than that at 25°C, being between 14L-10D and 15L-9D. In spite of this long-day type response to stationary photoperiods, an increase in photoperiod from 14L-10D to 16L-8D at the 5th instar suppressed oviposition and a decrease from 16L-8D to 14L-10D at the adult stage promoted it. A similar retarding effect of increasing photoperiod was exerted by a transfer from 12L-12D to 14L-10D, but not by a transfer from 15L-9D to 16L-8D. The life cycle of this species thus seems to be stabilized by the combination of the different nymphal and adult photoperiodic responses.
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Masahiro OSAKABE
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
35-44
Published: February 25, 1987
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Developmental success from larva to adult and esterase activities of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (MCGREGOR), were investigated in this study. The non-diapausing strain developed well on several citrus varieties, but most on individuals of the diapausing strain did not reach maturity on those plants, except trifoliate orange (GRP1). Japanese pear, peach and trifoliate orange (GRP2) were common host plants for both strains. Mites reared on GRP1 plants had higher esterase activities of E
3 and E
4 electrophoretically separated bands and/or larger activity ratios (E
3/E
4 and E
3/E
5) than those on GRP2 plants. The differences were shown more clearly by the principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis.
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Tetsuo GOTOH
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
45-51
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Life-history parameters of two species of spider mites, Eotetranychus uncatus GARMAN and Eotetranychus tiliarium (HERMANN), were investigated at 25±1°C and 15L-9D. For the latter species, two populations were studied, one from Alnus japonica (THUNB.) and the other from Alnus hirsuta TURCZ. The total developmental time was shorter in E. uncatus than in the two populations of E. tiliarium. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r
m), net reproductive rate (R
0) and mean generation time (T) were as follows : the Betula platphylla var.japonica (MIQ.) population of E. uncatus : r
m, 0.198, R
0, 32.68 and T, 18.69; the A. japonica population of E. tiliarium : r
m, 0.178, R
0, 34.29 and T, 21.04; the A. hirsuta population of E. tiliarium : r
m, 0.169, R
0, 31.14 and T, 21.71.
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Tetsuo GOTOH
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
52-58
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The annual life cycle and diapause characteristics of the Eotetranychus uncatus GARMAN population on white birch, Betula platyphylla var. japonica (MIQ). were studied Sapporo. The mite appeared on leaves in early May, and the occurrence ended in late September (1981) or in early November (1982) when leaves of white birch completely changed from green to yellow. The population passe through 4 or 5 generations during the season. Predators associated with this population were mainly phytoseiid mites. They appeared from mid-May to mid-September or late October, and their occurrence followed that of the mites, with a time lag of about 10 days.Photoperiodic response curve on diapause induction was the long day type, and its critical photoperiod was between 14.0 and 14.5 hr at 18°C. Diapause was induced in early September in the field. Part of the diapausing females collected in early October began to oviposit when incubated at 25°C and 15L-9D. The number of days required for the reactivation gradually decreased towards April. Proportion of laying females, on the contrary increased.
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Kazuhiro AMANO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
59-67
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Musca hervei VILL. was reared at thirty-one density levels from 1 to 301 of newly hatched larvae per 50 g cow dung at intervals of 10 larvae. As the density increased, reduction in size of subsequent pupae appeared firstly (at ca. 31 larvae/15 g dung) and progressively reduced up to the level of ca. 191 larvae at which the mean pupal volume was 72.3% less than that at low densities, and the same rate of reductino was seen in both sexes. When the density increaed beyond that level, the reduction could hardly be seen to progress any more, and was replaced by increasing mortalities in both larval and pupal stages. The intensity of the overcrowding affected the sex ratio of the adults emerged, that is, as the larval density became higher than 201 larvae/50 g dung, so much the sex ratio favoured females. From these facts the breeding of this species in a dung pat outdoors was discussed.
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Yoshiaki KONO, Naomi OZEKI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
68-76
Published: February 25, 1987
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Adults of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata enter diapause under short-day photoperiods, while they become reproductive under long-day conditions. When JH-I or JHA (ZR-515) was applied on the beetle under diapause-inducing cnoditions, the ovaries began to develop, but the last stage of yolk deposition and the chorion formation did not occur even at high dosages. Number of oocytes in a vitellarium of the ovarioles of treated animals tended to increase to 4 whereas normal ovarioles contained 3 oocytes at most. Of the insecticides tested, pyrethroids such as cypermethrin and flucythrinate showed stimulating effect on the ovarian development, and partly induced oocyte maturation and oviposition.These results suggested that two endocrine factors, JH and neurosecretory factor, were engaged in the control of ovarian development and that secretion of both factors was stimulated by the pyrethroid application.
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Kwang Youl SEOL, Atsushi KANAOKA, Hiroshi HONDA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
77-84
Published: February 25, 1987
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A type of mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis WALKER whose larval head-capsule is brownish, was found; the standard type is whitish. Its reproductive biology was studied in comparison with the white type. The hybrid progenies of the brown type were repeatedly fertile with the white type. The wing-color morph of the brown type always corresponded to the larval phenotype, and the brown type was segregated even in the F
1 generation. Except for the homogamic cross, the segregation ratio of the brown type was always lower than that of white type in successive generations. There were almost no significant differences in emergence, calling or mating time between the two types. They mated at random with each other in the laboratory, and both females showed high cross-attractiveness to males of the two types in a field cage. The brown type showed a high deformity and mortality at the pupal stage. Therefore, the brown type appears to be a recessive mutant or a race of the mulberry pyralid which occurs with a small populatino in limited localities.
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Kenkichi KANMIYA, Kohjin NAKAGAWA, Akira TANAKA, Hidemi KAMIWADA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
85-97
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Acoustic properties of tethered flight sounds produced by the male melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT in wild (W-), mass-reared (M-), and irradiated (I-) strains were analyzed. Properties included fundamental frequency (FFQ), peak power density of FFQ (PPD), overall root mean square value (ORMS), total harmonic RMS (THRMS), total harmonic distortion (THDIST), bandwidth of FFQ (BWFF), and the number of harmonics and wing-strokes. M- and I-strains developed FFQ 3 days earlier than the W-strain. The W-strain had a greater variance in the mean, and overall lower values for FFQ, PPD, and ORMS than M- and I-strains. The flucturation of acoustic properties of wild strain with aging was markedly different from that of the laboratory strains. The fact that values of these parameters for laboratory strains developed at earlier adult age and continued relatively high may be due to selection effects. No significant differences were observed between laboratory strains resulting from effect of irradiation. There were, however, significant differences among the 6 parameters in 8 age groups which were recognized for 12 cases between W- and I-, 8 between W- and M-, and 4 between M- and I-strains.
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Virapong NOPPUN, Tadashi MIYATA, Tetsuo SAITO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
98-104
Published: February 25, 1987
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The pattern of cross resistance and the synergistic action of piperonyl butoxide (PB) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) with phenthoate on the resistant (OSS-R and OKR-R) and susceptible (OSS and OKR) strains of the diamondback moth were investigated. The resistant strains showed high level of cross resistance to methomyl. The OKR-R strain showed high cross resistance to prothiophos and cyanophos, and showed lowe cross resistance to dichlorvos and cartap. The OSS-R strain showed low cross resistance to all four insecticides. Neither resistant strain exhibited cross resistance to acephte and fenvalerate. No synergistic action of PB with phenthoate against the diamondback moth was observed. However, there was high synergistic action of TPP with phenthoate (both in pre- and simultaneous-treatments).
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Sadaya KATSUNO, Fukuo NAKAJIMA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
105-107
Published: February 25, 1987
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Takashi ICHIMORI, Koichi SUZUKI, Morihisa KURIHARA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
107-109
Published: February 25, 1987
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Kikuo IWABUCHI, Jiro TAKAHASHI, Tsutomu SAKAI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
110-111
Published: February 25, 1987
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Tetsuo GOTOH
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
112-114
Published: February 25, 1987
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Minoru ISHII
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
114-115
Published: February 25, 1987
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Virapong NOPPUN, Tadashi MIYATA, Tetsuo SAITO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages
116-118
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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