Applied Entomology and Zoology

Neuromodulatory Effects of Octopamine Agonists at Neuromuscular Junctions in the Mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L.(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)

Osamu HIDOH, Jun-Ichi FUKAMI

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 471-477
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.471

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The modulatory effects of biogenic amines related to octopamine were studied at the neuromuscular junctions of larvae of the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. Intracellular recordings were made with glass microelectrodes from ventral longitudinal muscle fibers. Phenolamines (octopamine, synephrine) and catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline) reversibly potentiated the amplitude of excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs), but gave no effect either in the resting membrane potentials or on the time constant of the decay phase of the EJPs. EJPs were potentiated to a greater extent by the phenolamines than by the catecholamines. Potentiation was antagonized by phentolamine. These results suggest some structural specificity in the insect octopaminergic system.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (561K)
Physiological Changes Related to Diapause of the Lady Beetle, Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)

Hironori SAKURAI, Toshiharu KAWAI, Susumu TAKEDA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 479-487
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.479

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Physiological characteristics of diapause were studied in the lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis PALLAS. In the aestivating adults, the respiration rate decreased remarkably, but the body weight increased and mating behaviour and oviposition actively continued. This indicates that aestivation occurs at a reduced energetic state and not at a diapause state. In hibernating adults, reproduction was completely suppressed and the corpus allatum atrophied. Topical application of juvenile hormone analogue immediately induced ovarian maturation. Electrophoretic analysis of the heaemolymph of hibernating adults showed protein bands specific to diapause. These observations indicate that the hibernation of H. axyridis is a true diapause controlled by corpus allatum, and that their dormancy differs to that of Coccinella septempunctata bruckii MULSANT.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1016K)
Function of Pheromones in Mating Behavior of the Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus alternatus HOPE

Gil-Hah KIM, Junji TAKABAYASHI, Shozo TAKAHASHI, Katsuhiro TABATA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 489-497
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.489

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The mating behavior of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus was observed in the laboratory. A volatile pheromone of the male which attracted the female and a contact pheromone on the body surface of the female eliciting copulatory behavior in the male were found. The male also showed a similar copulatory behavior to another male when they encountered. Both sexes thus produced a contact pheromone that elicited copulatory behavior in males. However, when two males and one female of the same age were confined in a container, one of the males preferentially attempted copulation with the female. When a male was placed in a container simultaneously with a male dummy and a female dummy, the male preferentially showed a copulatory behavior to the female dummy. Body surface extracts from both sexes elicited mating behavior from males. The two step functions of the pheromones in the mating behavior of this beetle is discussed.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1266K)
A Sex Pheromone Study of a Fruit Fly Drosophila virilis STURTEVANT(Diptera:Drosophilidae):Additive Effect of Cuticular Alkadienes to the Major Sex Pheromone

Yuzuru OGUMA, Tadashi NEMOTO, Yasumasa KUWAHARA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 499-505
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.499

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

A mixture of 3 synthetic alkadienes, (Z, Z)-5, 13-, (Z, Z)-5-15-pentacosadiene and (Z, Z)-7, 15-heptacosadiene, that had been identified in extracts of cuticular hydrocarbon of the female fruit flies Drosophila virilis STURTEVANT, was found to have an additive effect to the courtship response of males to the previously identified major sex pheromone component (Z)-11-pentacosene. The mixture itself was, however, not effective to elicit a long courtship about. The reasons why the mixture of 3 alkadienes was not effective to elicit a long courtship about is discussed.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (645K)
(E, Z)-and(E, E)-10, 12-Hexadecadienals, Major Components of Female Sex Pheromone of the Cotton Leaf-Roller, Notarcha derogata(FABRICIUS)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)

Kei-ichi HIMENO, Hiroshi HONDA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 507-515
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.507

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Two major sex pheromone components, (E, Z)- and (E, E)-10-, 12-hexadecadienals were identified from the pheromone gland extracts of the cotton leaf-roller, Notarcha derogata (FABRICIUS) on the Chinese bottle tree, Steruculia simplex. They were essential to attract males in laboratory and field bioassays. A binary blend of the two aldehydes in ratio of 3: 1 was the best blend tested. Each of the geometrical isomers was not active individually. As possible minor components, hexadecanal, (E, Z)- and (E, E)-10, 12-hexadecadienol were also found in the crude extract.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (798K)
Seasonal Abundance and the Possibility of Spring Immigration of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella(LINNAEUS)(Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae), in Morioka City, Northern Japan

Ken-ichiro HONDA, Yoshio MIYAHARA, Kazuo KEGASAWA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 517-525
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.517

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

A large number of adult male diamondback moths (DBM) were caught by pheromone traps from April to November in and around Morioka City (39°42'N) over 5 consecutive years (1983 to 1987). the numbers caught showed two peaks; one in May to early June (I) and the other in July (II). Oviposition started in May and egg density increased from the end of May to early June in cabbage fields planted in April. the numbers of newly emerged adults which developed in these fields planted in April. the numbers of newly emerged adults which developed in these fields increased from the end of June to early July. the second peak of DBM caught by the traps in July (II) could be explained by this increase of newly emerged adults. Although living DBM larvae and pupae were commonly observed in the Chinese cabbage and rape fields in autumn, none were found in the following spring. thus, it was concluded that the first peak of DBM adults in spring (I) around Morioka City had not hibernated locally but were migrants from the southern part of Japan where this insect can survive over winter.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (808K)
Ethological Isolation between Inquiline Gall Wasps, the Synergus japonicus Complex(Hymenoptera:Cynipidae), Which Sometimes Coexist in Host Galls

Yoshihisa ABE

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 527-531
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.527

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The courtship and copulation behavior of the inquiline gall wasp Synergus japonicus complex, which consists of sp. A and sp. B, was studied under laboratory conditions. Copulation occurred between sp. A adults emerging from two different types of galls (AS and AL). Once copulated, females of AS and AL never copulated again. During courtship, males of both AS and AL did not discriminate between virgin (potentially receptive) and once-copulated (non-receptive) females. The patterns of courtship and copulation behaviour of the two sibling species were the same, but the duration of acceptance posture after copulation in sp. B females was significantly longer than that in sp. A females. No copulation occurred between the two species, but females of each species possessed some degree of attractiveness to non-conspecific males. The results of the experiments suggest that the overwintering generation of sp. A depends not only on normal unisexual galls of Andricus mukaigawai but also on unisexual galls of A. mukaigawai which have already been inhabited by sp. B. The term "multi-inquilinism" is proposed to denote that a host gall fosters more than one inquiline species.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (551K)
Pratylenchus unzenensis n.sp. from Artemisia sp. in Japan(Nematoda:Pratylenchidae)

Takayuki MIZUKUBO

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 533-540
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.533

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

A lesion nematode collected from the rhizosphere of Artemisia sp. at Mt. Unzen (Nagasaki Pref.) was described as Pratylenchus unzenesis n. sp. The new species is characterized as follows: L=370-470 μm (mean 420); c=12-17 (14); V=75-79% (77); spear=14.5-15.5 μm (14.9); lip annuli=3; tail annuli=21-32 (26); annulated or smooth tail termini. this nematode is distinguished from the similar P. pratensisobrinus by a shorter spear (14.5-15.5 μm (14.9) vs. 15-17 m (16)), undifferentiated short post-vulval uterine branch (U=0.9-2.0 vs. 1.6-2.7 (2.0) and differentiated) and short spicules in male (13-14 μm (13) vs. 17-19 μn (18)). En face pattern of the new species is characteristic as it has sloping and angular edges of the sub-median segments, considered to be a link between Groups 2 and 3 of the face types proposed by CORBETT and CLARK (1983).

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (982K)
Effects of Ploughing of Fallow Paddy Fields on the Population Density of the Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps(UHLER)(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae)

I Nyoman WIDIARTA, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NAKASUJI

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 541-545
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.541

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, is an important vector of rice dwarf virus disease in southwestern Japan. The nymphs and adults of the overwintering generation as well as the first generation inhabit Alopecurus aequalis (SOBOL) in fallow paddy fields. The effects of ploughing fallow paddy fields on the population density of the first generation were investigated and compared to an unploughed field in Okayama, western Japan. Three treatments were used: ploughing once before the emergence of overwintering adults, ploughing once at the peak oviposition period of overwintering females, and ploughing at the times of both emergence and oviposition peaks. The density of eggs, immature stages and adults was significantly lower in the last two fields, although the density of all stages of the leafhopper between the two fields was not significantly different. Therefore, ploughing once at peak oviposition of the females is the most effective strategy to reduce density of the first generation.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (513K)
Pheromone Sensilla of the Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua(HUBNER)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

Fumiaki MOCHIZUKI, Naoko SUGI, Tatsuaki SHIBUYA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 547-556
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.547

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Scanning electron microscopy of the antennae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, demonstrated the presence of sensilla auricillica, chaetica, coeloconica, styloconica, and two kinds of trichodea (ridge-type trichodea and ridgeless-type trichodea), and suggested that auricillica, coeloconica and trichodea were olfactory sensilla. Ridge-type trichodea were further discriminated into two subtypes by their length. Long ridge-type trichodea (type 1) were male specific and distributed only in the proximal half (subsegment 1-34) of the antenna. About 70% of short ridge-type trichodea (Type 2) were present in the distal half (35-distal end) of the male antenna. In females, type 2 and ridgeless-type trichodea (type 3) were found on the entire antenna and were not distributed partially. Type 2 trichodea of male moth were also sensitive to sex pheromone as well as type 1 trichodea, although the ridgeless-type trichodea (type 3), auricillica and coeloconica did not respond to the pheromones.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (1670K)
The Effect of Shoot Growth of Spiraea thunbergii(Rosaceae)on Colonization of Aphis spiraecola(Homoptera : Aphididae)

Naoya OSAWA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 557-563
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.557

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The effect of shoot growth of Spiraea thunbergii on colonization of Aphis spiraecola was investigated in the field. Shoot length of S. thunbergii increased from early April to mid-July and the number of A. spiraecola peaked in early May. The aphids tended to colonize better growth shoots rather than the lesser ones, although the shoot growth was damaged by the aphid infestation. The maximum aphid density (no. of aphids/mm per shoot) for all the shoots was constant regardless of shoot length, suggesting that aphid dispersal is density-dependent.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (554K)
Induction of Antibacterial Activity against Bacillus thuringiensis in the Common Cutworm, Spodoptera litura(Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)

Shyuichiro INAGAKI, Minoru MIYASONO, Makiko YAMAMOTO, Katsuaki OHBA, T ...

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 565-570
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.565

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The larvae of Spodoptera litura were 2, 500-fold more resistant to infection with the vegetative cells of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 than Bombyx mori larvae. The injected bacteria were eliminated or maintained at low levels in the hemolymph of S. litura, while rapid growth was observed in the hemolymph of B. mori. Antibacterial activity against the vegetative cells of B. thuringiensis was induced in the hemolymph of S. litura upon bacterial inoculation, but it was not detected in the hemolymph of B. mori.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (540K)
Two New Fungus Gnats(Diptera : Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae)Associated with Cultivated Shiitake Mushroom

Mitsuhiro SASAKAWA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 571-574
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.571

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Two new species of the mycetophilid and sciarid gnats, Exehia insularis and Chaetosciara takahashii, are described from Hachijo Island, Tokyo Japan. Both of them are pests of cultivated shiitake mushroom.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (446K)
Nutritive Effects of Asparagine and Glutamine on the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Toshio ITO, Tamio INOKUCHI

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 575-586
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.575

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Nutritive effects of asparagine and glutamine on Bombyx mori were investigated by the use of defined diets and also by analysis of free amino acids in the larval hemolymph. Dietary asparagine supported larval growth, but glutamine was less effective than asparagine, and preliminary information of their effect was confirmed. When both aspartic and glutamic acids were deleted from the complete diet, the composition of free amino acid of larval hemolymph underwent a large change. Among them glutamine, alanine and lysine decreased markedly, whereas histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, ornithine and valine increased noticeably. A normal pattern of free amino acids was recovered by including either aspartic acid or glutamic acid into the deficient diet. Aspargine and glutamine were considerably effective for reactivating a normal pattern. This means that the amides are utilized fairly well by Bombyx, and supports the results of the growth experiment.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (881K)
EAG Responses of Parasitoids, Ascogaster reticulatus WATANABE(Hymenoptera : Braconidae), to the Female Sex Pheromone

Osamu HIDOH, Toshie KAWASHIMA, Jun-Ichi FUKAMI, Yooichi KAINOH

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 587-589
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.587

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (417K)
Ecdysteroids in Developing Eggs of Antheraea mylitta(Lepidoptera : Saturniidae)

Kiyoshi ASAOKA, Corinne ROYER, Bernard L. MAUCHAMP

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 589-592
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.589

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (481K)
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence of Sex Pheromone(s) in Anomala schonfeldti OHAUS(Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)

Walter Soares LEAL, Makoto HASEGAWA, Fumiaki MOCHIZUKI, Tetsuya YASUDA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 592-594
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.592

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (433K)
Mortality of Post-Overwintered Larvae of the Mulberry Tiger Moth, Thanatarctia imparilis(BUTLER)(Lepidoptera:Arctiidae)Caused by Parasitoids and Pathogens

Masaru HONDO

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 595-598
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.595

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (470K)
Separation of Panonychus ulmi, P.thelytokus and P.bambusicola(Acari : Tetranychidae)by Esterase Zymograms

Tetsuo GOTOH, Yukio ISHIKAWA

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 598-601
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.598

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (496K)
Chromosome Numbers in the Genus Panonychus in Japan(Acari : Tetranychidae)

Hans R. BOLLAND, Tetsuo GOTOH

1992 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 602-604
発行日: 1992/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.602

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (759K)

J-STAGEへの登録はこちら（無料）