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Hiroshi SUENAGA, Hidemi KAMIWADA, Akira TANAKA, Naoya CHISHAKI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
177-183
Published: May 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Mean periods from egg seeding to larval jumping (EJ-period) of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae, were compared between mass-reared (MS:F
50) and newly-colonized strains (NS:F
13) at three egg densities. The EJ-period of MS was significantly longer than that of NS at each density: 7..6, 10.1 and 13.1 d in MS, and 6.5, 6.7 and 8.2 d in NS, respectively, at densities of 50, 300 and 3, 000 eggs/450 ml of medium. The proportion of MS and NS larvae which had matured by the 6th day after egg seeding amounted to 75.0% and 77.8%, respectively, and those matured by the 8th day attained 98.8% and 99.5%, respectively, at an egg density of 300/450 ml. the difference between the percentages of the two strains was insignificant, indicating that the period from egg seeding to larval maturation (EM-period) of MS was almost equal to that of NS. These results suggest that the prolonged EJ-period of MS was caused not by a lengthened EM-period but by delayed larval jumping behavior after maturation.
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Panagiotis George KATSORIS, Vassilis John MARMARAS
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
185-193
Published: May 25, 1992
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The developmental profile of four dehydrogenases of the fat body of Ceratitis capitata was found to be similar to that of the whole homogenate. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the isozymic pattern of whole animal homogenate resembles that of the fat body, excluding MDH. Organ culture experiments demonstrated that the fat body secrets the four dehydrogenases into the incubation medium differentially. Moreover, electrophoretic analysis indicated that the secretion of fat body is specific, since one of the MDH isozymes was not secreted. Heat shock treatment resulted in the suppression of ADH activity to about 50% during the transformation of larvae to pupae. Moreover, it seemed to promote the secretive action of the fat body's isozymes.
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Makoto HATTORI, Yoji SAKAGAMI, Shingo MARUMO
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
195-204
Published: May 25, 1992
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The limabean pod borer Etiella zinckenella was deterred from ovipositing on soybean plants treated with the methanolic leaf extract of Populus nigra L. cv Italica. The potent deterrent activity was found in the ethyl acetate-soluble, neutral to weakly-acidic fraction of the leaf extract. Successive fractionation with preparative TLC, open column chromatography and HPLC yielded five active constituents. These were analyzed with
1H-NMR, MS, and IR spectrometries and identified as eugenol, pyrocatechol, salicyl alcohol and methyl esters of cinnamic acid and p-hydroxycinnamic acid. Eugenol was the most active, followed by pyrocatechol.
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Tomonari WATANABE, Takashi WADA, Nik MOHD.NOOR bin Nik SALLEH
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
205-211
Published: May 25, 1992
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Natural enemies of the eggs of the rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera were investigated in two direct-sowing paddy fields of the Muda area during the main cropping season in 1989. Egg mortality was estimated with a "trap method" in which "trap plants" with planthopper eggs were exposed in the fields, and field sampling of eggs. Mortality in egg stage varied from 23% to 92% in N. lugens, and from 11% to 90% in S. furcifera. Parasitism by wasps was the major mortality factor in the egg stage. The parasitoids Anagrus and Oligosita emerged from both planthopper eggs. In N. lugens eggs, Anagrus spp. were predominant when the rice plants were young. The parasitism by Oligosita spp. increased with growth of the rice plants. In S. furcifera eggs, Anagrus spp. were predominant throughout the crop season. The maximum parasitism rates were 68% in N. lugens eggs and 69% in S. furcifera eggs. Significant differences between the two methods were detected in only two cases. Parasitism indicated by the trap method reflected the actual state of parasitism in the field fairly well.
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Takayuki MIZUKUBO
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
213-224
Published: May 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Japanese populations ascribed to Pratylenchus coffeae were comparatively investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and with stepwise linear discriminant function analysis (SLDA). SEM observation of the first lip annule showed 2 different en face patterns among the 6 populations; 3 populations with undivided faces and the remainder with the face incised to demarcate sub-median and lateral sectors. SLDA was successful in discriminating 6 populations into 3 groups. This analysis indicated that Japanese P. coffeae populations could, at least, be divided into 3 distinct species.
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Yutaka KURIHARA, Tomonori SHIMAZU, Haruhisa WAGO
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
225-235
Published: May 25, 1992
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The phase microscopic observation of the hemocytes of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (FABRICIUS) yielded categorization into 7 classes: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, oenocytoids, podocytes, and granular plasmatocytes. Podocytes and vermiform cells (JONES, 1959) were classified in the same class as the "podocytes", because they morphologically transformed to the same spherical cells with fine extensions during incubation. They did not have a character of plasmatocytes. Granular plasmatocytes, which have been so far called granular hemocytes, had the character of plasmatocytes, spreading on a glass slide. Oenocytoids lucid immediately after bleeding. Total hemocyte counts were 1.4-2.1×10
4/μl, and the proportion of granulocytes and plasmatocytes was 37-47% and 16-35% from the 5th molting stage through 6th instar, respectively.
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Yutaka KURIHARA, Tomonori SHIMAZU, Haruhisa WAGO
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
237-242
Published: May 25, 1992
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Granular plasmatocytes in Spodoptera litura (FABRICIUS), which until now have been called granular hemocytes, were specifically stained pink by May-Grunwald. They had a character of plasmatocytes: they spread on a glass slide, participated in encapsulation against large latex particles, and did not function as phagocytes against India ink. Oenocytoids, which were characterized by their rapid lysis and ovoid forms, contained a prophenoloxidase-activating-system: only oenocytoids, which were fixed with glutaraldehyde, formed melanin in the presence of DOPA. This reaction was inhibited by pNPGB, a serine-type protease inhibitor.
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Masao ISHIMOTO, Keisuke KITAMURA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
243-251
Published: May 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obteclus (SAY)) and the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus (BOH.)) cause a serious post-harvest loss of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The seeds of P. vulgaris contain a proteinous α-amylase inhibitor, which has been shown to inhibit the midgut amylase activity of larvae of the adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) and the cowpea weevil (C. maculatus F.) and to suppress the larval growth of the two bruchids. The α-amylase inhibitor does not suppress the larval growth of Z. subfasciatus. The present investigation examined the mechanism of the tolerance toward the α-amylase inhibitor by A. obtectus and Z. subfasciatus. Comparison of proteolytic changes of the α-amylase inhibitor incubated with larval midgut extracts of C. chinensis, C. maculatus, C. analis, A. obtectus, and Z. subfasciatus showed that the inhibitor was digested only by the larval midgut extract from Z. subfasciatus. The digestion seemed to cause the inactivation of the α-amylase inhibitor protein. On the other hand, the larval midgut extract of A. obtectus had no effect on the α-amylase inhibitor. It is likely that the tolerance mechanism to the α-amylase inhibitor of A. obtectus differed from that of Z. subfasciatus.
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Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Masashi SATO, Takako KOSHII, Takahisa SUZUKI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
253-260
Published: May 25, 1992
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The female sex pheromone of the brown-legged grain mite Aleuroglyphus ovatus was identified as 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-bezaldehyde (2, 6-HMBD), which sexually stimulated males to copulate. Neither the crude hexane extract nor the fractions partially separated by a silica gel column demonstrated activity; the sex pheromone was masked by the alarm pheromonal activity of citral present in the extract. The fact that 2, 6-HMBD was the major component in the adult extracts, and a minor component in the nymphal stage extract, suggested its pheromonal role among adults. The activity was elicited when 2, 6-HMBD was carefully isolated by TLC and/or LC. synthetic 2, 6-HMBD elicited the same sexual response as that demonstrated with the isolated natural pheromone.
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Norio OSAKI, Norio YASUDOMI, Yukio AOKI, Noriharu UMETSU
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
261-268
Published: May 25, 1992
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The insecticidal properties of the carbamate insecticide benfuracarb were investigated. Benfuracarb, a sulfenylated derivative of carbofuran, proved to be a highly effective soil insecticide against a wide range of agricultural pests when applied as granules or as an emulsifiable concentrate. Under these conditions it was more effective (on a molar basis) than carbofuran. Studies on the superior efficacy of benfuracarb were conducted using the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus as a test insect. Benfuracarb was as effective as carbofuran by soil treatment in the closed system where no movement or loss of active ingredient in the soil occurred. Successive mobility studies in the soil indicated that the active ingredient in the benfuracarb-treated soil was either mostly or completely immobile, and was retained for a longer period than was carbofuran. These properties of benfuracarb, combined with its excellent systemic action, probably lead to a higher ratio of absorption of the active ingredient than from carbofuran, thereby accounting for its higher insecticidal activity when applied to soil.
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Kentaro OKADA, Masataka MORI, Kazuko SHIMAZAKI, Tatsuji CHUMAN
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
269-276
Published: May 25, 1992
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In order to identify the pheromone sensitive antennal sensilla of the male cigarette beetle, distribution and frequency of sensilla on the antennal flagellum of both sexes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. On the flagellar segments, Sensillum basiconicum, S. styloconicum, S. capitulum, and three types of bristles were found. Among these types of sensilla, S. basiconicum and S. styloconicum have structural features indicating them to be olfactory sensilla. S. basiconicum is abundant on the male antenna, three times more so than that on the female antenna. In contrast, no sexual dimorphism was observed in S. styloconicum. Furthermore the number of S. styloconicum is much fewer than S. basiconicum. These findings suggest that S. basiconicum on the male flagella is responsible for detecting the sex pheromone produced by the female.
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Toshiaki IKESHOJI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
277-284
Published: May 25, 1992
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To evaluate the feasibility of using laser radiation for killing and inducing inherited sterility in male mosquitoes in the field. The heads or the genitalia of anesthetized Culex pipiens molestus were irradiated with a He/Cd (UV), He/Ne (red), and argon (blue and green) lasers at different doses (mW/m
2 output power×irradiation time in s). The insects were kept in pairs with non-irradiated mosquitoes of either sex. The mortality of irradiated mosquitoes was dose-dependent and tended to be higher with age. The egg hatchability of F
1 was reduced significantly due to physiological and genetical damage. Inbreeding to F
5-F
13 generations proved that sterility is inheritable and particularly high in one- and two-d-old mosquitoes irradiated with the He/Cd and He/Ne lasers. Male Aedes aegypti, which were lured to a sound-emitting speaker in a cage, were repelled slightly by the blue and green argon laser beams.
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Ravindra Nath SHARMA, Vrushali TARE, Pushpa PAWAR, Prakash Hari VARTAK
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
285-287
Published: May 25, 1992
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Kimihiko SATO
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
287-289
Published: May 25, 1992
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Walter Soares LEAL, Fumiaki MOCHIZUKI, Sadao WAKAMURA, Tetsuya YASUDA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
289-291
Published: May 25, 1992
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Dilip Shripad HEBBALKAR, Geeta Dilip HEBBALKAR, Ravindra Nath SHARMA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
292-295
Published: May 25, 1992
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Wataru MITSUHASHI, Mitsuaki SHIMAZU, Hoshimi HASHIMOTO
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
295-296
Published: May 25, 1992
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Masahiko MORISHITA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
297-299
Published: May 25, 1992
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Shuji OKAJIMA, Yoshimi HIROSE, Hiroshi KAJITA, Masami TAKAGI, Banpot N ...
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
300-303
Published: May 25, 1992
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Tetsuya YASUDA, Sadao WAKAMURA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
303-305
Published: May 25, 1992
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Jun TAGAWA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages
306-309
Published: May 25, 1992
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