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Shozo ENDO, Masaichi TSURUMACHI, Koichi TANAKA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
125-130
Published: May 25, 1993
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Insecticide susceptibility of 1st instar larvae of the rice leafroller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis GUENEE, collected from 1988 to 1991 in Kyushu, was measured by leaf dipping method. The LC
50 values of diazinon for 1988-1991 colonies were more than 10 times larger than those for the 1981 colony. The LC
50 values of monocrotophos for 1990 and 1991 colonies were 8 and 28 times larger respectively, than those for the 1981 colony. However, the LC
50 values of other insecticides for the 1988-1991 colonies did not differ from those for the 1981 colony. There were some differences in insecticide susceptibility between Japanese and Malaysian colonies of the rice leafroller. I
50 values of monocrotophos for the 1991 colony were 10 times larger than those for the 1989 colony. These colonies differed in their insecticide susceptibility to monocrotophos by a factor of 23. It was supposed that insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to monocrotophos was involved in the rice leafroller resistance to monocrotophos.
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Kohji HIRANO
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
131-140
Published: May 25, 1993
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The population process of the phytophagous lady beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, was studied in spatio-temporally heterogeneous habitats in order to clarify the seasonal changes in interpatch movement of adults, density effect on the movement, and the effect of the movement on the spatial distributions of the population. The population censuses were carried out for three years in an area of about 15 ha containing 18 distinguishable patches of host plants. The rate of interpatch movement of females tended to be highest in the first generation adults, moderate in the second generation adults, and lowest in the over-wintered adults. The movement rate of females tended to increase incrementally with adult density. This density-dependent interpatch movement of females which accompanied mortality in the dispersal process reduced the patch variation in the densities of females and eggs, and was thought to be the most important foctor in stabilizing the yearly fluctuation of population density.
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Masaaki AZUMA, Yukari OHTA, Hajime KANAZAWA, Hidenori KAI, Ryuzo KOBAR ...
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
141-149
Published: May 25, 1993
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Plasma proteins from the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle Psacothea hilaris were identified and their changes were surveyed during late larval development and the pupal stage. Three major proteins with different electrophoretic mobilities were observed in the hemolymph, which we tentatively named as plasma proteins I, II and III. Each protein showed characteristic fates during larval-pupal-adult development. Two-step purification of these proteins was achieved by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The native molecular masses of I, II and III were estimated by gel filtration chromatography to be 340 kDa, 280 kDa and 260 kDa, respectively. The apoproteins of I, II and III consisted of identical subunits with 76 kDa, 74 kDa and 76 kDa, respectively. Psacothea-vitellogenin (female-specific plasma protein) appeared in the hemolymph 3 weeks after adult emergence. The native molecule of vitellogenin was about 400 kDa, and consisted of a heavy subunit (165 kDa) and a light one (40 kDa).
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Herwint SIMBOLON, Junichi YUKAWA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
151-160
Published: May 25, 1993
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Effects of artificial leaf cutting on the production of normal and "lammas" (defoliation-compensating) shoots were compared among Lithocarpus edulis (Fagaceae) and 3 other evergreen species in Kagoshima. The lammas shoots were produced abundantly in L. edulis. Some bivoltine and multivoltine phytophagous insects may be supported by these unpredictable and less abundant shoots. It is remarkable that a univoltine species of gall midge, Tokiwadiplosis matecola, uses the lammas shoots for galling instead of normal spring shoots.
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Teiji SOTA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
161-168
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Response to selection for longer desiccation survival time was studied for eggs of a West Malaysian population of Aedes albopictus at 25°C and 16L-8D. The original population had mean survival times of 95.3 days at 88% RH, 68.8 days at 68% RH and 35.0 days at 42% RH. Among four selection lines, F
11 eggs selected at 42% RH showed mean survival times of 124.5 days at 88%RH, 110.5 days at 68% RH and 61.4 days at 42% RH. Realized heritabilities were 0.13 (SE = 0.025) for desiccation survival time at 42% RH and 0.08 (SE= 0.016) or 0.16 (SE = 0.054) for that at 68% RH. Egg size larval development time, adult size and fecundity were compared between two lines in which eggs were maintained at 88% RH for 1 mo per generation and at 42% RH for 1-2 mo per generation. The life history traits were not significantly different between them, except for greater egg size and longer female larval development time in the former.
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Toshiharu FURUSAWA, Tomoko WAKIZAKA, Yuki ISHIHARA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
169-176
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The fluctuations of trehalose content and trehalase activity accompanying the growth of middle and posterior silkglands of the silkworm, which was controlled by 1-substituted-5-[(E)-2, 6, dimethyl-1, 5-heptadienyl] imidazole (KK-42), was examined. A topical application of KK-42 (50 μg/larva, once a day) to the fifth instar larvae from 3rd through 5th day delayed the spinning for 3 days, although non-treated larvae spun the cocoon silk on day 6. At the spinning, the middle glands of the KK-42-treated larvae were about 1.5 times heavier than those of non-treated larvae. The fluctuation of trehalose content in both middle and posterior silkglands accompanying the growth of silkglands was different between the non-treated and the KK-42 treated larvae. The administration of KK-42 delayed the onset of the activity for 3 days. Trehalase activity in the middle and posterior glands occurred immediately after the spinning, but in the middle silkglands it was about 13 times higher than in the posterior glands of non-treated larvae. Thus, there appears to be a difference in trehalose metabolism between the middle and the posterior silkglands, and, moreover, the prolongation of the silkgland growth by KK-42 may affect their trehalose metabolism.
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Ken TATEISHI, Makoto KIUCHI, Satoshi TAKEDA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
177-184
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Effects of RH-5849 (1, 2-dibenzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazine), a synthetic nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist, on the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, were investigated by means of oral and topical application and injection. The larvae treated with RH-5849 formed new cuticle but eventually died without ecdysis. The last instar larvae treated with RH-5849 exhibited different symptoms, depending on their age. Day-0 larvae died after forming a new larval cuticle, day-1 larvae showed rectal prolapse (projection of their gut from the anus), and day-2 or older larvae died without ecdysis after forming a new pupal cuticle. Day-0 and day-4 (prepupal stage) larvae were about 100 times more sensitive than day-2 larvae in terms of final mortality. Pupal cuticle formation was also observed in isolated abdomens injected with 10 μg of RH-5849 as it was in those injected with 20-hydroxyecdysone. This result suggested that RH-5849 acted directly on the epidermis as ecdysone agonist to induce new cuticle formation.
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Hisaaki TSUMUKI, Kazuo KAWADA, Katsuo KANEHISA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
185-188
Published: May 25, 1993
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Longistigma liquidambarus, recorded as a new species in Taiwan in 1925, was found in Kurashiki, west Japan in 1991. To estimate the extension of the aphid distribution in Japan, the supercooling points and low temperature tolerances of the nymphs and adults were measured and compared with those of Aulacorthum magnoliae and Cinara piniformosana. The supercooling points of all nymphs and adults tested were below -19°C. They withstood -5°C for 24 h, but not -15°C. Nymphs and adults of L. liquidambarus withstood -10°Cfor 6 h and had higher tolerances to cold than the other aphids. The possible distribution area of L. liquidambarus is discussed.
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Mh. OSAKABE
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
189-197
Published: May 25, 1993
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The host range of a northern population (HkSp) of Panonychus mori YOKOYAMA collected from mulberry in Hokkaido, Japan and its reproductive compatibility with a southwestern population of the same species were investigated. HkSp developed on mulberry, but did not on Japanese pear or kidney bean on which southwestern populations developed well. The HkSp population also was incompatible in reproduction not only with P. citri (MCGREGOR) but with the southwestern population of the same species.
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Hajimu TAKADA, Masahisa MIYAZAKI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
199-205
Published: May 25, 1993
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Clones of aphis nerii B. DE F. from Hokkaido, Japan, produced sexuales at higher rates than those from Kyoto. F
1 clones were obtained from crosses within and between the clones. A description of the fundatrix is given. The origin of this form from Hokkaido is discussed.
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Hirowo SATOMI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
207-216
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Seasonal population trend and peak density of Nephotettix cincticeps differ considerably between southwestern and northern Japan. In southwestern Japan, the peak density is relatively low and very stable, whereas in northern Japan it sometimes reaches a higher level and causes economic damage to the rice yield. To elucidate causal factors responsible for this difference, several rice varieties differing in their heading data were tested for the oviposition of N. cincticeps in the second generation. In the field, the population density in the third generation in each varietal plot was correlated with the heading date of respective variety : the earlier the heading data of a variety, the higher was the density in it. When each of the potted rice plants was caged with a certain number of adults, the number of eggs laid on the early varieties after heading was much larger than it was on the late varieties before heading. Early varieties and late ones are prevalent in northern and southwestern Japan, respectively. Thus, the difference in the heading data associated with dominant varieties is considered to be one of the major factors responsible for the difference in the peak density of N. cincticeps between the two regions.
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Yoshikazu ANDO, Chikako YAMASHIRO
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
217-225
Published: May 25, 1993
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Oxya yezoensis has been resurging in paddy fields during the last several years in Japan. Surveys mad in 1989-1992 showed that this grasshopper occurred in at least 45 out of 71 localities between 31°N and 43°N. O. yezoensis was abundant in northeastern Honshu, and was found, at restricted sites only, in Hokkaido, southwestern Honshu, and Kyushu. Many local samples collected in late autumn contained nymphs, and systematic samplings in Hirosaki (40°33'N) showed continuous occurrence of 1st-instar nymphs from late May to October. The critical data of hatching for emergence as an adult was August 25 in 1990 and August 20 in 1991. Eggs of the Hirosaki strain entered an obligatory diapause at 20-35°C. Those from other localities also entered diapause. Therefore, it is likely that the occurrence of 1st-instar nymphs in autumn does not represent a partial second generation but derives from delayed hatching of overwintering eggs.
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Tomohide YASUNAGA, Syoiti MIYAMOTO
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
227-232
Published: May 25, 1993
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Three species of the Anthocoridae associated with Thrips palmi KARNY in eggplant gardens of Thailand are reported. Wollastoniella rotunda is described as new to Science, and Orius minutus (LINNAEUS) and O. tantillus (MOTSCHULSKY) are recorded from this region for the first time. A new subgenus, Paraorius, is proposed for Orius tantillus.
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Chisato HIRANO, Eiji ITOH, Keiichiro YASUMI, Michio HORIIKE
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
233-234
Published: May 25, 1993
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Toshiharu FURUSAWA, Akihiko NARUTAKI, Kazuhiko MITSUDA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
234-237
Published: May 25, 1993
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Shoji SONODA, Tetsuji YAMADA, Tikahiko NAITO, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NA ...
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
238-241
Published: May 25, 1993
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Toyomi KOTAKI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
242-245
Published: May 25, 1993
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Masahiro MORIMOTO, Harunobu SHIBAO
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
246-248
Published: May 25, 1993
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Ei'ichi SHIBATA, Toshio HIGUCHI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
249-250
Published: May 25, 1993
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Wawan HERMAWAN, Ritsuko TSUKUDA, Kenji FUJISAKI, Akio KOBAYASHI, Fusao ...
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
251-254
Published: May 25, 1993
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Atsushi MOCHIZUKI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
254-256
Published: May 25, 1993
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Michael C. MORRIS, Satoshi TAKEDA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
256-258
Published: May 25, 1993
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Michael C. MORRIS, Satoshi TAKEDA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
258-259
Published: May 25, 1993
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Kohji HIRANO, Khairul HASSAN, Sutarto ALIMOESO
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
260-262
Published: May 25, 1993
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Tsutomu SAITO
1993 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages
263-265
Published: May 25, 1993
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