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Satoshi NAKAMURA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
133-140
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The biology of the tachinid fly, Exorista TOWNSEND, a natural enemy of many lepidopterous larvae, was studied under laboratory conditions (25°C, 60% RH and 16L-8D) in order to establish an efficient rearing method. The number of eggs on the host and the relationship between egg period and duration to the next moulting of host were primary influences on the success of parasitization. When 1, 2 and 3 eggs were laid on a day 1 lastinstar larval host, Pseudaletia separata WALKER, the percentages of parasitism were 64.6, 88, 9 and 100.0%, respectively. The frequency of oviposition was negatively correlated with longevity of female adults. The mean longevity of females provided with hosts every day (34.2 days) was significantly shorter than that of females provided with hosts once every 4-5 days (56.4 days). Rearing about 7 generations of the parasitoid would provide an entire year's supply of fertilized eggs for experimental use in the laboratory.
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Takashi TSUNODA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
141-147
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Mating behavior of a native phytoseiid mite, Amblyseius womersleyi SCHICHA, was studied. Males searched for females more vigorously than females did for males. Females significantly differed from males in the method of approach to the mating partners. Males showed several variations in the pattern of copulatory behavior and the same male showed several behavioral patterns at repeated couplations. These findings suggest that the copulatory behavior of A. womersleyi is not stereotyped.
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Yumiko HAYASHI, Shizuo FUJIYAMA, Jiro SUEKUNl
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
149-155
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
To investigate the effect of host-leaf age on the survival of Chrysolina aurichalcea, larvae and adults were reared on Artemisia princeps leaves of three different growing ages (young, mature and senescent). For adult longevity and fecundity, mature leaves were the most suitable despite of the beetles' preference for young leaves. When larvae were fed with senescent leaves, their growth rate decreased and mortality increased. On the other hand, 1st instar larvae did not show a clear preference towards young leaves, and those released under planted hosts could not develop into the next instar when the plant was taller than 10 cm. Therefore, the need to synchronize the egg hatching to host sprout emergence in early spring may have evolved into a unique life cycle of autumn breeding.
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Makio TAKEDA, Hidetaka OHNISHI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
157-165
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were investigated for their GABAergic components by an indirect method of immunohistochemistry using an anttiserum raised in sheep against rat glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The antiserum diluted at 1 : 1, 500 reacted with cells and structures that have been known as GABAergic in the cockroach brain and suboesophageal ganglion. The neuropile structures stained include the central body lower component and the glomeruli in the antennal lobe. Four groups of neural somata were positively stained: 1) many small cells in the dorso-lateral pars intercerebralis (ca. 10μm dia.), 2) 4-5 medium-sized cell bodies in the dorso-lateral protocerebrum (ca. 25μm), 3) 3-4 cells at the venter of the optic lobe proximal to the protocerebrum (ca. 30μm) and 4) 3 clusters of small cell bodies in the antennal lobe. One centrally located cell and some cells on both sides of it were stained in the suboesophageal ganglion. These reactivities were consistent with what have been found by other investigators using different histochemical methods for GABAergic structure in the cockroach. The successful usage of antisera against enzymes derived from different evolutional lineages must be an advantage for histochemical investigations targeting small compounds like amino acids and monoamines, since the fixation is much easier for macromolecular species such as enzymes than for small molecules per se.
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Kazuyoshi FUTAI, Sinsuke SHIRAKIKAWA, Isamu NAKAI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
167-177
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The suitability of two pine species, Pinus koraiensis and P. densiflora, as a host of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus HOPE was compared. The larval entrance holes and overwintered larvae were distributed primarily around the middle section of the P. densiflora trunks, whereas in the case of P. koraiensis trunks, they were scattered in the middle to lower portions. These distribution patterns were similar to those of the oviposition slits in each of the pine species. The density of the entrance holes and of the overwintered larvae in P. koraiensis was higher than in P. densiflora, as was the survival rate over hibernation estimated from these two vales. Both in 1988 and in 1989, the beetles emerged somewhat earlier from P. densiflora than from P. koraiensis. The weight gain per feed unit among the beetles fed on one-year old P. densiflora shoots was greater than it was in beetles fed on shoots of P. koraiensis. During the first three days after emergence almost all beetles showed a preference for P. koraiensis when presented with the two pine species simultaneously. These results suggested that P. koraiensis is similarly suitable or rather superior as a host for the Japanese pine sawyer to P. densiflora.
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Hiroshi TANAKA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
179-191
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Conditions for induction and completion of embryonic diapause by Locusta migratoria were identified in laboratory experiments, and the life cycle was studied by field observations in Kyoto, Japan. Afield survey showed that hoppers appeared from May to September and that adults appeared from June to December. Females collected in the field laid nondiapause eggs in June and July and diapause eggs from September to November. In the laboratory, females laid nondiapause and diapause eggs in long and short photoperiods, respectively; the critical photoperiod at 30°C was between 13.5L-10.5D and 14L-10D. When the photoperiod to which females were exposed was changed either from long to short or short to long, the percent diapause eggs produced changed according to the shift. Oviposition was suppressed in some females exposed to long photoperiods. Embryonic diapause tended to be prevented when eggs destined for diapause were incubated at high temperatures. Embryonic diapause was completed at 25°C after eggs were kept at 5°C for 4 months or at 15°C for 2 months. L. migratoria seemed to be mostly bivoltine but partly univoltine in Kyoto.
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Munenori WANl, Kikuo IWABUCHI, Jun MITSUHASHI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
193-201
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The parasitoid Apnteles galleriae (Braconidae) disturbed the developmental process of its larval host Galleria mellonella. The effect was particularly evident during the middle and late stages of larval development of the host, irrespective of the host age at the time of parasitism. The decrease in host weight gain occurred in the parasitized larvae older than the 4th instar stage. The reduction in host head capsule width paralleled the decrease in weight gain. The duration of the final instar, was markedly prolonged. The ultimate instar of the parasitized host varied with the host stages at which the parasitoid oviposited; when the host was parasitized at the 1st or 3rd instar, emergence mostly occurred at the 5th instar. When the host was parasitized at the 4th to 6th instar, emergence was at the 6th instar. The parasitized host, in the ultimate instar, began wandering earlier than usual and spun a cocoon. Shortly before the parasitoid's emergence from the host, an apolysis of the host occurred. but the overall morphology of the newly formed host was larval, i.e., the thoracic legs and ocelli were still present. The parasitoid seems to induce early pupating behavior of the host without metamorphosis to pupa.
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Masatoshi MOCHIZUKI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
203-209
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Insecticide susceptibility of the predatory mite Amblyseius womersleyi SHICHA in tea fields was studied using three types of pesticides: organophosphate, carbamate and some synthetic pyrethroids. Of the 20 populations tested, the Hiranuma-1 and the Ide-1 populations collected from eastern Shizuoka Prefecture were resistant to methidathion, methomyl and permethrin (W.P. formulation). The Hiranuma-1 population also showed survival of cypermethrin, and fluvalinate. Mortality of this population differed between two types of permethrin formulation. Emulsifiable concentrations of permethrin were more toxic than wettable powder formulation.
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Koji MISHIRO, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NAKASUJI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
211-217
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The reproductive traits of female adults of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus were compared between brachypterous and macropterous forms under 25°C and 16L-8D conditions. The reproductive rate and the reproductive effort of brachypterous females were higher than that of macropterous females. Brachypterous females appearesd to allocate more energy to reproduction than macropterous females. The mating success of males was assessed in terms of the eye color of nymphs, sired by either of the males in competition between the two forms. The mating success of males did not differ between the winged forms at 17°C or 25°C. Thus, the fitness advantage of wing reduction in males was not clear.
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Hidetoshi IWANO, Nobuaki SHIMIZU, Yuji KAWAKAMI, Ren ISHIHARA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
219-227
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A microsporidian isolated from the lawn grass cutworm, Spodoptera depravata Butler had two nuclei in diplokaryotic arrangement throughout its development. A sporont gave rise to two spores, and there was no sporophorous vesicle. This microsporidium produced two types of spores, those with 2 to 3 coils and those with 11 to 12 coils of the polar tube during development in Antheraea eucalypti cells. Larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were not infected by the microsporidium when the spores were administered perorally. Spores of the predominant type, with 11 to 12 polar tube coils, were longer and narrower than those of the corresponding spores of Nosema bombycis. Furthermore they did not react with latex particles, which had been sensitized with a monoclonal antibody against spores of N. bombycis, another isolate of Nosema (M11) or an isolate of Vairimorpha (M12). The new isolate is distinct from N. bombycis and is the second species to be isolated from S. depravata.
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Kayoko IKEDA-KIKUE, Hideharu NUMATA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
229-236
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
In Eurydema rugosa, adult diapause was induced under short-day conditions, with rape seeds or leaves as food, or under long-day conditions with rape seeds as food. Exposure to low temperature or long-day conditions with leaves terminated the diapause induced by short-day conditions with leaves. The diapause induced under short-day conditions on seeds can be also terminated by exposure to a low temperature. However, these treatments did not terminate the diapause induced by feeding on seeds under long-day conditions. The diapause induced under short-day conditions is suggested to be terminated by the low temperatures during winter nuder natural conditions.
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Hongxin MAO, Yasuhisa KUNIMI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
237-243
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The life span of Brachymeria lasus (WALKER) adults fed on 10% sugar solution was longer than those fed on 1% sugar solution and distilled water. Although no mature eggs were found in the ovaries of newly-emerged females, the mean number of mature eggs per female increased with age until 7 days after emergence with a maximum of 8 mature eggs. The mean preoviposition period was 4.7 days. The mean number of progeny per day produced decreased by a single female fed on 10% sugar solution was about 6 or 5 weeks after emergence and decreased subsequently. The sex ratio of progeny was male biased and changed with age. No female progeny were observed at 13 weeks after emergence. The net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of natural increase were 118.1 and 0.102, respectively, when females were fed on 10% sugar solution.
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Katsuo KANEHISA, Hisaaki TSUMUKI, Kazuyoshi KAWAZU
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
245-251
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
When rove beetles were attacked, special groups secreted defensive substances. The subfamily Staphilininae has a pair of pygidial tergite glands, which secreted actinidine alkaloid with several other compounds in the mixture. Beetles of the genus Cafius, Phucobius, and Philonthus secreted actinidine as a main component, more than 95% of the total secretion. Other beetles, Algon, Creophilus, Ontholestes, Staphylinus and Ocypus secreted actinidine as a minor component with other major components.
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Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Noriko ASAMI, Michael MORR, Shigeru MATSUYAMA, Taka ...
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
253-257
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The natural 1R, 3R, 5R, 7R- 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyldecyl formate, lardolure (1) was the only active compound (activity at 10 ppm) among 18 synthesized analogues to Lardoglyphus konoi as an aggregation pheromone. On the other hand, Carpoglyphus lactis indicated a broad spectrum of activity as a kairomone to nine compounds at 1, 000 ppm or less concentration, among which lardolure (1, active at 1 ppm) was the most active. Changes of the main carbon skeleton with 1R, 3R, 5R, 7R-asymmetric carbon moiety from n-decyl to n-nonyl, and of functional groups from formate to alcohol, acid, acid-ester and aldehyde did not significantly decrease kairomonal activity. However, changes from formate to chloride, amine, phosphonic acid ester or higher alkoxycarbonyl groups did not result in any activity.
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Norihide HlNOMOTO, Akio TAKAFUJI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
259-266
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Electrophoretically detectable variation in phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) was found in a Tetranychus urticae population on vinyl-house strawberries. Three types of band patterns were present in this population, indicating that two alleles exist at the PGI locus. Frequencies of the genotypes were determined at five different levels of sub-population (leaflet, leaf consisting of 3 leaflets, patch of injured plants, sub-divided section and the whole house). The proportion of sub-populations which deviated from HARDY-WEINBERG equilibrium was smallest at the leaflet level, and increased with the size of the sub-population. In contrast, the proportion of sub-populations that were monomorphic was greatest at the leaflet level. Further, WRIGHT'S F-statistics were calculated at each of the levels. At the leaflet level, the inbreeding coefficient (F
IS) was smallest, whereas the fixation index (F
ST) was greatest. The F
IS for the whole population was about 0.5. These results suggest that the mites tend to form breeding colonies on individual leaflets. However, because random genetic drift easily occurs within each colony when population size is small, the whole population is thought to maintain a large degree of genetic diversity.
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Masami HAYASHI, Tadatora OKADA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
267-271
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A new typhlocybine species belonging to a new genus, Alebrasca actinidiae is described and illustrated, on the basis of the material collected from Odawara, Kanagawa Pref., central Honshu. The genus is defined by certain morphological characters of head, wing venation, ♂ genitalia, etc. It is notable that this leafhopper lives exclusively on Kiwi-fruit.
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Shiro NAKAO
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
273-278
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Thrips nigropilosus were reared individually from hatching to adult eclosion on leaf pieces of chrysanthemum, pumpkin, eggplant and broad bean under 2 photothermal conditions: 20°C and 15L: 9D, and 18°C and 10L: 14D. Wing form of female adults was examined to clarify the effect of food type on wing form determination. Mortality of both sexes and developmental period of females from hatching to adult eclosion, and head width and body length of female adults were also examined to assess suitability of (food) types tested for thrips. Irrespective of plants, macropterous and intermediate forms occurred in females under 20°C and 15L: 9D, and brachypterous and intermediate forms occurred in females under 18°C and 10L: 14D. Percentages of each wing form were not significantly different among females on different plants under each photothermal condition. Mortality was the highest and developmental period tended to be longer on broad bean than on the other 3 plants. Mortality tended to be lower on chrysanthemum than on pumpkin and eggplant. Food type did not affect head width and body length of female adults.
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Akira KONDO, Fukusaburo TANAKA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
279-281
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
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J MORENO, P. BARRY, R. JIMENEZ
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
282-284
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Shoji ASANO, Akihiro SEKI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
285-288
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Azucena GONZALEZ-COLOMA, Pierre ESCOUBAS, Labunmi LAJIDE, Junya MIZUTA ...
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
289-292
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Azucena GONZALEZ-COLOMA, Pierre ESCOUBAS, Matias RElNA, Junya MIZUTANI
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
292-296
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Hitoshi SAITO
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
296-298
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yoshihisa ABE
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
299-300
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Ken SUZUKI, Hiroshi HAMA
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
300-303
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Shigeo TADA, Kenpei HONMA, Masashi KAKIZAKI, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NAK ...
1994 年 29 巻 2 号 p.
303-305
発行日: 1994/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
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