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Volume 3 (1968)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 99-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 3, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Sinzo MASAKI, Kenji UMEYA, Yoichi SEKIGUCHI, Rin-ichi KAWASAKI1968 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 55-66
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Yokohama population of Hyphantria cunea took 8, 38 and 13 days for development of the egg, larval and pupal stages, respectively, at 25°C. A sum of 800-900 degree-days above 10°C was thus required for completing the nondiapause generation. Some pupae raised in a long photoperiod were, however, in a state of arrested development for about a week at 25°C, which resulted in bimodal emergence of adults. The ture winter diapause lasted much longer periods, being induced by a short photoperiod during the larval stage. The critical (median) photoperiod for the induction of the winter diapause at 25°C was between 14 hr 30 min and 14 hr 45 min, although it might be shorter than this at a higher temperature. These data were superimposed on the photothermographs of different parts of Japan in order to predict the seasonal life cycle and the local adaptability of the species. In the Tokyo-Yokohama area, the predicted life cycle conformed well to field observations. It was suggested that this psecies would require some genetic changes for establishing in Hokkaido or in the southern part of Kyusyu. At present, local samples collected from the northern front of distribution (Omagari, Akita) did not show any sign of divergence in the photoperiodic response.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Kazushige SOGAWA1968 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 67-73
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSα-Glucosidase which hydrolyzed sucrose and trehalose and β-glucosidase which acted on phenolic glucosides such as arbutin and salicin were found to occur in the salivary glands of Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, Inazuma dorsalis MOTSCHULSKY, Laodelphax striatellus FALLEN and Nilaparvata lugens STAL. Cellulase (using carboxymethyl cellulose as a substrate), pectinase (pectic acid), amylase (soluble starch), α-galactosidase (meliiose), β-galactosidase (lactose) and α-fructofuranase (raffinose) were not detected. In the salivary glands of N. cincticeps and I. dorsalis both the α-and β-glucosidase activities were localized in the III-cells of the principal gland by histological methods. In the salivary glands of L. striatellus and N. lugens the α-glucosidase was demonstrated to originate in the G-follicle in the principal gland, but β-glocosidase in the B- and D-follicles.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Hitoshi WATANABE1968 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 74-80
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy means of disc electrophoresis, the midgut proteins of the healthy silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L., and of the diseased larvae infected with the cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus were separated in the acrylamide gel, and the two patterns were compared. Midgut proteins of the healthy larvae, in the middle stage of the 5th instar, were resolved into more than 17 fractions. In the earlier stages of the virus infection, the protein pattern in the diseased midgut was quite similar to that of the healthy midgut, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. However, in the protein electropherogram of the diseased midgut, 2 or 3 days after the virus infection, an additional band appered very close to the origin. This disease-specific fraction was confirmed to be corresponding to a polyhedron protein, increasing in its concentration as the disease advanced. Even in the heavily diseased midgut, the general pattern and the concetration of protein fractions except polyhedron protein band were almost similar to those of the healthy midgut, only that some faster migrating bands in the diseased midgut slightly decreased in the concentration. This might be a reflection that the protein metabolism in the host tissue was well maintained homeostatically even under the progress of the viral disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
Kazuyoshi MIYASHITA1968 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 81-88
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLycosa T-insignita BOES. et STR. was reared under three different feeding conditions for invetigating the instar numbers and the carapace width growth. The number of instars necessary to maturity was variable with the feeding condition, i.e. it and its variation tended to be increased and much wider respectively as the interval of food supply was prolonged from the every day feeding to the fourth day feeding. Nymphal period was also extended by food supply at longer intervals. The growth curve of carapace width did not fit with that expected from DYAR'S law. The growth of carapace width was almost accomplished by moulting, and further a very small growth was found even within each instar, but not significant statistically. In comparison between adults which passed the same number of moults under different feeding conditions, the final carapace width in the individuals of every fourth day feeding was smaller than in those of every day feeding. From the frequency distribution, it was noticed that the carapace width measurement dit not give an accurate indicator for determining the instar of nymphs, excepting the first and the second instars. The carapace width distribution of field specimens was somehow similar to that of every fourth day feeding in the laboratory, suggesting poor feeding condition in the field.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
Yoshio NAKAMURA1968 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 89-95
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal variation in the population density of earthworms in alluvial soil grassland was studied, in Sapporo, by twice-a-month sampling for two consecutive years. Six species, Allolobophora japonica, A. caliginosa, Pheretima hupeiensis, P. hilgendorfi, P. agrestis and P. sp. were obtained. Among them A. japonica was dominant, accounting for 62.5% of the total number, and P. sp. subdominant, these two species making up more than 99% of the total number. The variation in the population density of the total number in the first one-year period, from May, 1965 to April, 1966, appeared more or less similar to that in the second one-year, from May, 1966 to April, 1967, but it was somewhat greater in the latter. The density was high in autumn, especially in October, and low in winter, especially in January and February. No regular variation in the vertical distribution was noticeable, but the number of earthworm in 0-10 cm below the ground surface was larger in summer than in winter. In August, 1966, two individual of A. japonica, probably diapausing with empty alimentary tract, were found in 20-30 cm below the ground surface, coiling themselves in their own capsules.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Yoshiaki KONO1968 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 96-98
Published: June 25, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora BOISDUVAL, has been widely used as an experimental insect. However, there are some difficulties in mass rearing in the labortory though it is a common species. Especially in summer, many larvae die of granulosis virus disease when they are fed on cabbage heart leaves.KAMANO (1964) described artificial diets for rearing the cabbage armyworm, Barathra brassicae L. which contained some amount of fresh cabbage leaves cut finely. Recently, DAVID and GARDINER (1965, 1966) succeeded in rearing the large white butterfly, Pieris brassiae L. on semi-synthetic diets containing a small quantity of dried cabbage leaf powder. These results suggested the possibility of artificial rearing of Pieris rapae which also feeds on cabbage.For the photoperiodic research in Pieris rapae, some artificial diets with dried cabbage leaf powder and rapeseed oil were tested, and satisfactory results were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K)
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