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Shigeo TADA, Kenpei HONMA, Masashi KAKIZAKI, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NAK ...
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
501-507
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Adult males of the scarabaeid, Heptophylla picea MOTSCHULSKY, have flight muscles, whereas a portion of adult females loses their muscles. Geographic variation of the proportion of muscled females (PMF) in Japan was investigated with 54 population samples from diverse localities. Geographic trends in PMF variation were substantially different between the two areas ; muscled females were prevalent in eastern-central Hokkaido (PMF=100%), while in Oshima Peninsula, Honshu, and Shikoku, both types of females occurred and PMF varied irregularly from 0 to 100%. Based on the geographic trends, we hypothesize a possible process for the establishment of H. picea populations, including muscleless females, in the Japanese Archipelago, and discuss why the dimorphism is maintained in certain areas of its distribution.
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Takahisa SUZUKI, Kazuo HAGA, Masaru KATAOKA, Tadaaki TSUTSUMI, Yoko NA ...
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
509-519
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The yellow secretions of two phlaeothripine thrips, Ponticulothrips diospyrosi and a closely related, underscribed species, P. sp. (Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae) were analyzed by GLC, GC-MS and TLC. Six components were detected from both species, four of which were identified as plumbagin (2-methyljuglone), 7-methyljuglone, (Z)-5-tetradecenoic acid and tetradecadienoic acid. (Z)-5-Tetradecenoic acid was a main component (62.5%) in P. diospyrosi, while in P. sp., as yet unidentified component was dominant (42.4%) ; thus, the two species were easily distinguished by comparing the GLC profiles. Plumbagin showed repellency against ants at dosses of more than 1.0 μg in the laboratory assay while (Z)-5-tetradecenoic acid exhibited no significant activity at 1.0μg. Thus, plumbagin appeared to be an active principle of the secretions. The role of (Z)-5-tetradecenoic acid is discussed. This study represents the first time that these two naphthoquinones were isolated from an animal source.
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Norihide HINOMOTO, Akio TAKAFUJI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
521-528
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Two alleles were detected at the phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) locus of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae KOCH. For clarifying the temporal change in genetic structures of the mite population, we introduced two laboratory-selected strains of the mites which were homozygous for PGI alleles onto vinyl-house strawberries. The results revealed that mites initially tended to from breeding colonies on individual leaflets, but with an increase in their density, they dispersed all over the plants. As a result, the population became genetically homogeneous as a whole.
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Kouichi GOKA, Akio TAKAFUJI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
529-535
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The genetic basis of esterase, phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozymes in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae KOCH, were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on their banding patterns, four loci were detected : Est-4, Est-5, MDH, and PGI. Cross Experiments indicated that each of these loci was under the control of two codominant alleles, i.e. allozymes. Further, the results of the analysis indicated that the Est-4, Est-5 allozymes were monomeric enzymes, and the MDH and PGI were dimeric enzymes. These four loci will be useful gene markers for studying the genetical divergence of T. urticae.
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Shin YAMAZAKI, Makoto MlZUNO, Masami SASAKI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
537-542
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The mutual interactions between the bilaterally-paired optic-lobe circadian pacemakers in the carabid beetle, Carabus insulicola insulicola, were investigated by recording electroretinograms (ERGs) under constant darkness. The ERG amplitudes of both right and left compound eyes exhibited clear circadian rhythms due to direct efferent controls from the ipsilateral optic-lobe pacemakers. In the free-running state, the circadian period of the two pacemakers in each beetle ran parallel to each other. The phase-angle difference between the two pacemakers was generally close to 0° but we found that the two-oscillator system also stabilizes with phase-angles of 90°, 180° and 270°. Unilateral severance of the optic tract resulted in increased free-running period lengths of both the ipsilateral and contralateral pacemakers, indicating the at the mutual neural interactions shorten the period.
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Yoichi SHIRAI, Ayumi NAKAMURA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
543-549
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The population density of male Plutella xylostella was estimated from a mark-recapture experiment using sex pheromone traps in small-scale cruciferous vegetable fields. Population density was calculated by the YAMAMURA method. Among five summer and four autumn experiments, the release-recapture data from two autumn experiments were not adequate for mathematical methods of density estimation. The number of wild male moths recaptured per sex pheromone trap (u
0') showed a significant positive correlation with the estimated wild population density per 100 m
2 (U^^^'), the ratio of U^^^'/u
0' being estimated to be about 16.
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Masahiko KUWAHARA, Piyaratt KEINMEESUKE, Yoichi SHIRAI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
551-555
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Traps baited with a sex pheromone lure were placed in two fields located in Pathum Thani Province in central Thailand to estimate the seasonal trend in population density of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, over a two year periods. Although a large number of moths were captured all year round regardless of different climatic conditions such as dry and rainy seasons, the population density was clearly different between the two fields, indicating that the number of emerging moths varied form place to place even in the same season. The population density declined sharply with the harvest of cruciferous vegetables, and recovered several weeks after the harvest. Forewing length of male moths captured in Thailand were constantly short through the year and about the same size as those of males found only in mid-summer in Japan.
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Masahiko KUWAHARA, Plyaratt KEINMEESUKE, Neungpanich SlNCHAISRI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
557-566
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Field colonies of the diamondback moth (DBM) from various areas in Thailand have commonly developed moderate to low levels of resistance to anti-cholinesterase compounds, but the tolerance for other insecticides was unexpectedly low, and these were recognized as a sign of resistance. The increase in resistance of a field colony selected with chlorfluazuron resulted in high resistance in a comparatively short time. On the release from chlorfluazuron selection for six generations, the strain showed a rapid decrease in resistance. The growers have commonly used Bacillus thuringiensis (B.T.) products and abamectin which have peculiar mode of action compared to that of conventional insecticides with short time interval for control of DBM. Hence, low resistance levels of DBM to conventional insecticides is due, at lease in part, to the replacement of these insecticides with B.T. and abamectin, and to the fact that field colonies have recovered sensitivity under cessation of these conventional insecticide pressures.
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Kouichi GOKA, Akio TAKAFUJI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
567-579
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Genetic variations in two esterases, MDH and PGI were studied among Japanese populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae KOCH, through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Esterases and MDH were polymorphic in the majority of populations studied. Geographic patterns in esterases and MDH allele frequencies were observed among populations collected from fruit trees and roses. A dendrogram constructed by the phenetic cluster analysis based on the genetic distance values showed that these populations could be divided into three geographic groups. However, there seemed to be no particular geographic pattern in any enzyme variation in populations from herbaceous hosts and the allele frequencies differed greatly even among geographically neighboring populations.
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Shoji SONODA, Tetsuji YAMADA, Tikahiko NAITO, Fusao NAKASUJI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
581
Published: November 25, 1995
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Hiroya HIGUCHI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
584-587
Published: November 25, 1995
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Takatoshi UENO
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
588-590
Published: November 25, 1995
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Yasuhiko KONNO, Yoshiharu NOMURA, Takashi SHISHIDO
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
591-594
Published: November 25, 1995
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Tetsuro NAKAI, Makio TAKEDA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
594-596
Published: November 25, 1995
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Ken TATEISHI, Jun MITSUHASHI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
596-599
Published: November 25, 1995
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Kiyomitsu ITO, Nai Ho Kin, CHANG Poon Min
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
599-601
Published: November 25, 1995
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Norio ARAKAKI, Sadao WAKAMURA, Tetsuya YASUDA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
602-603
Published: November 25, 1995
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Toru ARAKAWA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
604-606
Published: November 25, 1995
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Seiichi HARA, Minoru YAMAKAWA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages
606-608
Published: November 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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