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Chiharu KOSHIO
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
1-10
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Pre-ovipositional behavior and oviposition were investigated in a Japanese population of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. in the laboratory and field. During the days, mated females stayed motionless at the copulation sites. At dusk, the females began to walk and/ or fly actively in search of oviposition sites. Oviposition began at night and continued for several days at the same site. Females ceased oviposition every morning after covering the eggs with a thin layer of scales from their abdomens. In the field, females showed multiple mating before oviposition.
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Hideaki IWAHORI, Kazuyoshi FUTAI
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
11-20
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Pinus thunbergii (susceptible to pine wilt) and P. taeda (resistant species) seedlings were inoculated with one of the following three Bursaphelenchus isolates; one pathogenic (B. xylophilus) and two nonpathogenic (B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus) isolates. The effect of water extracts from the nematode-inoculated seedlings on the nematodes' movement was tested in relation to the dynamic resistance induced in the host. In every water extract from seedlings of either pine species, the movement of all isolates was inhibited, however, the inhibition to pathogenic isolates diminished later on. The results indicate that some substance(s) responsible for the inhibition of nematode movement was produced in the stems of the inoculated pine seedlings. The substance was denatured as the disease progressed, and movement of the pathogenic isolate became free from inhibition, while that of two nonpathogenic isolated did not. Regardless of the nematode isolate inoculated, extracts from P. taeda were somewhat more suppressive to nematode movement than those from P. thunbergii, although the differential manner of inhibition against the three nematode isolates was similar. Nematode migration and proliferation in stems of the seedlings, decline of water content and resin exudation of the stems were confirmed only when susceptible pine seedlings were inoculated with the pathogenic isolate.
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Osamu SAITO
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
21-27
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The dietary value of sugar (C) and protein (N) in the development of larvae of the oriental corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (GUENEE), was evaluated in items of larval weight, survival, growth rate an population age structure using synthetic artificial diets with different C/N ratios (the C+N level being about 50% of the dry weight). The larvae grew fast, attained high weights, had a high rate of survival, and formed populations with a high proportion of old larvae on diets with a C
N ratio of about 1:1. Larvae on diets with lower or higher C/N ratios, had slower growth rates, lower body weights, shorter survival rates and younger population age structure. The developmental pattern of larvae in response to dietary C/N ratio in three types of diet in which C+N levels were 80, 40 or 20% of the dry weight was fundamentally the same as that of those on the basic diet with 50% C+N. Larval growth on these three types of diet was not as good as that on the original formulation. These results show that both the C/N ratio and the total C+N level in the diet are important for optimum larval development.
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Hidetaka HORI, Shoji ASANO, Katsutoshi OGIWARA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
29-35
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis culture has been shown to substantially enhance the larvicidal activity of the δ-endotoxin against Spodoptera litura, indicating the existence of synergistic activity in the supernatant (ASANO et al. (1994) Appl. Entomol. Zool. 29: 39-45; ASANO and HORI (1995) Appl. Entomol. Zool. 30: 369-374). The factor responsible for this synergistic activity was fractionated from culture supernatant using cation exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 400 by gel filtration. The factor was adsorbed on carboxymethy (CM) Sepharose equilibrated with 50 m
N Tris HCl buffer, pH 8.0 and eluted by the same buffer containing 0.2 M NaCl. Thus, the factor was apparently positively charged. Neigher α-, β-glucosidase nor pronase treatments caused a reduction in the synergistic activity. The fractionated synergistic factor significantly enhanced the activity of ICP against S. litura and S. exigua but not that against Plutella xylostella, Bombyx mori or Adoxophyes sp.
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Yukio SHIMOJI, Tsuguo KOHAMA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
37-42
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
We developed an egg collecting container, which consists of an aluminum mesh and a plastic cup, for the West Indian sweet potato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus, and collected eggs over an 8 day period without supplying food. The eggs were collected effectively from the second to the fourth day after the insects were introduced into the containers (about 1.4 eggs per female per day). The hatchability of eggs collected by this method was approximately 95%. The change in daily egg laying by the present method is discussed based on egg development in the female ovaries. This is the first report of an egg collecting method for a weevil that does not require a food supply.
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Shigeki TANINO, Tikahiko NAITO, Makio TAKEDA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
43-49
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis was conducted on three allied species of Athalia sawflies. The analysis revealed that A. infumata and A. japonica are the most distantly related species, whereas A. rosae ruficornis and A. infumata are the most closely related. This relationship was consistent with the classification based on morphological and ecological data and previously conducted allozyme analyses.
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Midori FUKAYA, Hiroshi HONDA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
51-58
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The effects of color, shape an d size of female models on the mating behavior of male Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE) were examined. Various forms treated with female extract were presented to mature males. Male mating behaviors were strongly dependent on the shape and the size of the models but not on the color. With some models, such as an oval, a sphere and a regular prism, males exhibited mating behavior just as they did with intact females, although they showed unusual behavior with other models, such as a hemisphere, a triangular prism, and an isosceles triangular prism. Normal mounting and copulatory attempts apparently required footholds which permitted both fore- and midlegs to be positioned parallel and symmetrical to one another. Males appeared to search for a protrusion using parameral contact in order to decide on the appropriate point for copulation. Among the three dimensions of the size of the model, height was considered to be the most important factor for eliciting mating behavior because the male showed mating responses only toward models taller than 2 mm. The optimal model size for eliciting a copulatory response was nearly the same as the average size of a wild female.
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Hiroaki FUJIMOTO, Takaaki HIRAMATSU, Akio TAKAFUJI
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
59-65
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The reproductive interference between Panonychus mori YOKOYAMA and P. citri (MC-GREGOR) was studied in peach orchards, where they coexisted. The abundance of the two species differed greatly among individual peach trees, but the seasonal population trends were similar to each other: populations remained at very low densities from May to July, and thereafter began to increase, reaching peaks in October. Ineffective females (females that produced no female offspring), resulting from the interspecific matings between the two species, were observed in both species on the trees where they coexisted. The degree of reproductive interference varied depending on the ratio of the densitied of the two species on individual trees, and was higher on P. mori by P. citri than vice versa. Furthermore, the proportion of females from overwintered eggs of P. mori collected from trees with a mixture of the two species was very low. These results seem to partially explain why P. mori cannot extend its distribution to lower latitudes where climatic conditions are favorable for the species.
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Young-Joon AHN, Jai-Ki YOO, Jum-Rae CHO, Jeang-Oon LEE, Sung-Chul MOON
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
67-73
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The acaricidal activity of AC 3093630 [4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethyl pyrrole-3-carbonitrile] on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae KOGH) was evaluated in laboratory and field studies. In the laboratory, AC 303630 was highly effective against egg, immature, and adult stages at a concentration of 50 ppm. A mixture of flucycloxuron and bromopropylate was highly effective against egg and immature stages, whereas flucycloxuron+bifenthrin was toxic to immature stages only; these mixtures had little or no direct effect on adults. AD 303630 had no repellent activity, but flucycloxuron+bromopropylate revealed some repellency. In a field study of a population of T. urticae which showed resistance to dicofol, fenpyroximate, and pyridaben, efficacy of AC 303630 and flucycloxuron mixtures, evaluated at 20 d, was comparable to that of the widely used bromopropylate, axocyclotin or hexythiazox. No phytotoxicity was observed with these acaricides in 10-y-old 'Fuji' and 'Tsugaru' apple trees. The present studies indicate that AC 303630 and flucycloxuron mixtures can be used to prevent damage from T. urticae.
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Masahiro TAKAGI, Akira SUGIYAMA, Katsumi MARUYAMA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
75-80
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The larval densities of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles sinensis and other insects were compared in fields with and without rice plants, and in fields with short and tall rice plants The density of C. tritaeniorhynchus was higher in unplanted an short rice planted sections of the rice fields. In the case of A. sinensis, a higher larval density was observed only in unplanted sections. Among the 7 families comprising 11 to 13 species of other insects, 5 species were more abundant in unplanted section. The difference in larval densities among sections in rice fields was possibly due to oviposition preferences of females.
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Manabu SHIBAO
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
81-86
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The effects of temperature on the development of Scirtothrips deosalis on grape were examined at constant temperatures of 16, 20, 25 and 30°C (under 16L8D). The developmental zero and effective accumulative temperature from oviposition to adult emergence were obtained as 8.5°Cand 294.1 degree-days (DD), respectively. The relationships between the number of adults on grape and the cumulative degree-days from 1991 to 1993 were analyzed. The first adults immigrated into vineyards at about 250 DD above the effective temperature. The first and second peaks occurred at about 550 and 850 DD, respectively, each of which apparently corresponded to the first and second generations. Above 1, 000 DD, although observed, peaks were not related with generations because generations overlapped.
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Hiroshi KAJITA, Yoshimi HIROSE, Masami TAKAGI, Shuji OKAJIMA, Banpot N ...
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
87-94
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Field surveys were conducted to determine vegetable crops infested with Thrips palmi as host plants in Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines in 1987 and to estimate the abundance of this thrips on different vegetable crops in Thailand in 1987-1988 and in Malaysia in 1987. T. palmi was found attacking angled loofah, bitter cucumber, cucumber, eggplant, goat pepper, muskmelon, pumpkin, squash, watermelon, wax gourd, yard long bean, two species of Phaseolus and one unidentified Cucurbitaceae. Of these crops, eggplant in Thailand commonly infested with the thrips. The abundance of T. palmi on eggplant in Thailand appeared to be influenced by the weather, pesticide applications and fruit type. Heavy rainfall during the rainy season may be responsible for greatly reduced populations of T. palmi on eggplant. On the other hand, the high abundance of T. palmi observed in truck gardens growing a long fruit eggplant in the dry season may have been induced by destruction of natural enemy and competitor populations from heavy insecticide use.
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Midori FUKAYA, Hiroshi HONDA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
95-98
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Male mating behavior elicited by solvent extracts of males in the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE), was examined. When a gelatin capsule was coated with the extract of male elytra or elytra-removed body, male responses were similar to those elicited by female extracts, although less intense. These pheromonal activities were observed at more than 2
-3 male equivalent/capsule but decreased at higher doses. Among the different body parts of males, male 'dash' toward the treated capsule was elicited most strongly by prothorax extracts. Abdominal bending response was released by all the extracts except for those from the antenna and head. The distribution of active substances on the male body was those from the antenna and head. The distribution of active substances on the male body was similar to that of the female pheromone. When prothorax extract was mixed with other body extracts, male response was reduced, which suggested the presence of a masking substance.
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Jun TAGAWA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
99-103
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
To assess the role of the cocoon in protecting against desiccation, the effect of humidity on naked pupa of the braconid parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata L., was investigated. Daily weight changes of the intact cocoon showed that the parasitoid lost more than half its body weight during development in the cocoon (20°C, 16L: 8D), and suggested that it would suffer severe dehydration at the time of pupal and adult eclosion. The survival rates of naked pupae kept at 100, 75, and 50% RH (20°C, 16L:8D) were 69, 44, and 32%, respectively. When naked pupae were maintained in an open, sunny location, no active adults emerged, and even when maintained in an open, shaded location only one fourth of the parasitoids completed development. The survival rate at 100% RH was significantly higher than that under the other experimental conditions (p < 0.01). Over 95% of intact cocoons kept at 50% RH or in the sunny location showed successful emergence. The cocoon of C. glomerata effectively protected the prasitoid from desiccation even at moderate ambient relative humidity.
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Kazuya NIIKAWA, Makio TAKEDA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
105-110
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The absorption of water occurs one third of the way through embryonic development both in the cricket, Velarifictorus micado (SAUSSURE) which has egg diapause and its sibling species, V. sp. which has nymphal diapause. Less water was absorbed by diapause eggs of V. micado than by nondiapause eggs of V. sp. Anoxia by CO
2 at different embryonic stages showed stage-specific requirements of oxygen for water absorption; the earlier the anoxia was imposed, the later the water absorption occurred. The absorption of water is probably controlled by genotype but not by the chorional structure or cytoplasmic maternal factor, since frozen and thawed eggs of V. sp. lost weight more rapidly than those of V. micado and those of their hybrid lost water at an intermediate rate between the two.
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Yoshito SUZUKI, Kazushige SOGAWA, Yoshito SEINO
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
111-118
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Association of the physiological egg mortality of Sogatella furcifera with the rice plant reaction of forming a watery lesion at oviposition sites was revealed: egg survival rate dropped to less than 20% in the watery lesion within 2 days after oviposition, while 88.8% of eggs developed to the eye-spot formation stage in the non-watery lesion, on rice plants 8 weeks after planting. S. furcifera eggs laid in large tillers and in the main stem suffered higher physiological mortality than those laid in small tillers on the same plant. The physiological egg mortality increased steadily with progression of the tillering of plants until 10 weeks after planting. Egg density did not affect the mortality. The importance of plant resistance as a factor determining the population growth pattern of S. furcifella is discussed.
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Siwoo LEE, Li ZHANG, Toshio SHONO
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
119-125
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Houseflies collected from Yumenoshima, a dumping island in Tokyo Bay, were selected with an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, pyraclofos ((R.S)-[O-1-(4-chlorophenyl)Pyrazol-4-yl O-ethyl S-n-prophyl phosphorothioate], Boltage
[○!R]) for 13 generations to obtain a strain resistant to the chemical. After selection, the strain showed about 650 times resistance as compared with a susceptible SRS strain. The resistant strain, YBOL, showed high cross resistance with methylparathion, parathion, fenitrithion malathion, diazinon and fenthion, but relative low cross resistance to dichlorvos and other optically active OP insecticides like propetamfos, profenofos, sulprofos, and prothiofos. No cross resistance was observed to a pyrethroid, permethrin, but moderate cross resistance to the organochlorine insecticide, dieldrin, was found in the YBOL strain. Acetylcholinesterases (AChE) of YBOL strain were more than 50 times less sensitive to inhibition by pyraclofos, profenofos, dichlorvos, methylparaoxon and paraoxon than that of the SRS strain, Insensitive AChE obviously plays an important role in resistance to dichlorvos, methylparathion, parathion, pyraclofos and profenofos in the YBOL strain. It is suggested that mechanisms other than insensitive AChE may also work in pyraclofos resistance. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) decreased toxicity of pyraclofos in the susceptible SRS strain, but it increased pyraclofos toxicity in the resistant YBOL strain.
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Siwoo LEE, Toshio SHONO
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
127-134
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
A strain of housefly, YBOL, highly resistant to pyraclofos ((R, S)-[O-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-4-yl O-ethyl S-n-propyl phosphorothioate], Boltage
[○!R]), was established from a colony collected from 3rd Yumenoshima after selection with this chemical. The reciprocal crosses between the resistant (YBOL) and susceptible strains showed that pyraclofos resistance was incomplete dominance. Linkage group analysis of the dominant factors responsible for this resistance was carried out by the F
1 male backcross method using a susceptible multichromosomal marker strain. The dominant factors for pyraclofos resistance were located on the 2nd, 4th and 5th chromosomes. The factors on the 2nd chromosome contributed the greatest to pyraclofos resistance, followed by those on the 5th chromosome and then the 4th chromosome. In pyraclofos resistant strain, it was revealed that the male determinant factor (M) existed on the 3rd chromosome.
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Michio SHIMABUKURO, Jinhua XU, Masao SUGIYAMA, Kiyoko TANIAI, Keiko KA ...
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
135-143
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Expression of a cecropin gene of Bombyx mori (B. mori) in isolated hemocytes was triggered in vitro by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dibutyrylcyclic AMP (dcAMP), Vibrio cholerae (V.c.) toxin, ionomycin and 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), suggesting that cyclic AMP (cAMP), G protein, Ca
2+ and protein kinase C (PKC) might be involved in expression of the gene. Inhibitors such as H-7 and H-89, but not genistein, greatly suppressed cecropin gene activation by LPS, strongly suggesting that PKC and protein kinase A (PKA), but not tyrosine kinases, may participate in the signal transduction. Conversely, other serine/threonine kinase inhibitors such as W-7 and KN-62 showed only weak suppression. This result suggested that myosin light chain kinase and Ca
2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase did not play a significant role in cecropin B gene activation. The inhibition of the induction by cycloheximide indicated that a certain protein factor with a high turnover rate may be indispensable for cecropin B gene expression triggered by LPS.
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Shota JIKUMARU, Katsumi TOGASHI
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
145-148
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Toshiyuki SATOH, Yoshiaki OBARA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
148-151
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yukio SHIMOJI, Tsuguo KOHAMA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
152-154
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Hisaya SOTOSHIRO, Motoko IKEDA, Michihiro KOBAYASHI
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
154-159
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Hiroshi KAJITA, Zinnatul ALAM
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
159-162
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Min KWON, Young-Joon AHN, Jai-Ki YOO, Byeong-Ryeol CHOI
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
162-166
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Mitsugu SUGIYAMA, Tsuguo KOHAMA, Yukio SHIMOJI
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
166-167
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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M. Ivone ICUMA, Yoshimi HIROSE
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
168-170
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Sadao WAKAMURA, Tetsuya YASUDA, Masahiko WATANABE, Kenji KIGUCHII, Mas ...
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
171-174
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Manabu SHIBAO
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
174-177
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kohji HIRANO, Ken-ichiro HONDA, Shun'ichi MIYAI
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
178-180
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Toru SHIMIZU, Seiichi MORIYA
1996 年 31 巻 1 号 p.
181-184
発行日: 1996/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
