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Yoshito SEINO, Yoshito SUZUKI, Kazushige SOGAWA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
467-473
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Benzyl benzoate was identified in extracts of the watery oviposition lesion formed by rice plants in response to oviposition by Sogatella furcifera. The water solution of benzyl benzoate exhibited ovicidal activity against S. furcifera eggs at concentrations of >__= 6.4 ppm at 25°C. This ovicidal substance was not detected in either intact rice plant tissues or in non-watery oviposition sites, where the mortality rate of S.furcifera eggs is much lower than it is in watery oviposition lesions.
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Makoto MINAMISHIMA, Hajime SUGIE, Fumiaki MOCHIZUKI, Hiroshi NOGUCHII
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
475-480
Published: November 25, 1996
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Hamiki-con is a mating disruption device containing (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, Z11-14:Ac, as the active ingredient. The mating disruption effect of Hamiki-con on Pandemis heparana was investigated with a laboratory bioassay. The percentage of mating with Hamiki-con treatment was 63%, and this value was significantly higher than that for the treatment with purified Z11-14:Ac is contained in Hamiki-con. In order to identify the inhibitor, Hamiki-con was chromatographed on a Florisil column which was eluted successively with hexane, 5%, 15% and 50% ether in hexane. The inhibitor activity was observed in the 5% fraction. A major impurity in the fraction was (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, E11-14:Ac, which was contained in 6.2% to Z11-14:Ac. The percentage of mating with the treatment using a blend of Z11-14:Ac and 6.2% of E11-14:Ac is the inhibitor to the activity of Z11-14:Ac. The inhibitory effect of E11-14:Ac was not observed when the concentration was less than 0.3%. The presence of 6.2% E11-14:Ac in Hamiki-con was considered to be the reason why Hamiki-con did not have a mating disruption effect on this species in some field tests.
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Hisashi ANBUTSU, Katsumi TOGASHI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
481-488
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The ovipositional response of Monochamus alternatus to Pinus densiflora bolts occupied by oviposition scars containing eggs or live larvae was investigated. Pine bolts were pre-conditioned by exposure to various combinations of females and males prior to allowing females to oviposit, . Deterred oviposition was found on pine bolts heavily infested with oviposition scars which had been made by the same or a different female. When infested pine bolts were made by exposure to females together with males, deterred oviposition occurred on the heavily infested pine bolts exposed to different females but not on those exposed to the same females. In significant oviposition deterrence was found on pine bolts lightly infested with scars made by the same or different females together with males. Strongly deterred oviposition was observed on pine bolts infested with oviposition scars containing live larvae.
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Yoshinori SHlNTANI, Yukio ISHIKAWA, Sadahiro TATSUKI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
489-494
Published: November 25, 1996
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Larval development of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE), was examined at 25°C under two photoregimes of 15L:9D and 12L:12D using a population collected in Ino, Kochi Prefecture (west Japan type). Under 15L:9D, most larvae pupated after the 4th or 5th larval stadium, and the average larval duration was 51 days. Under 12L:12D, larvae molted about two times more than those reared under 15L:9D, and development was eventually arrested mostly at the 6th or 7th stadium. These larvae neither molted into the next stadium nor pupated for more than 150 days after the last molting. They were considered to be in diapause in super numerary stadia.
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Yoshinori SHINTANI, Sadahiro TATSUKI, Yukio ISHIKAWA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
495-504
Published: November 25, 1996
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Geographic variation of photoperiodic response in larval development of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE), was examined at 25°C, using six populations collected from 24 to 40
◯N in Japan (Akita, Oyama, Ayabe, Ino, Naze and Ishigaki). Under long daylength (>__= 14 h), most larvae of all populations pupated after the 4th to 6th stadium without diapause. In three populations (Ayabe, Ino and Naze), larvae reared under shorter daylength (<__= 13 h) went through about two more larval moltings and eventually entered diapause. In contrast, the southernmost (Ishigaki) and northern two (Akita and Oyama) populations did not manifest a clear photoperiodic response at the temperature tested. Geographic variation of photoperiodic response in the four southwestern populations (Ayabe, Ino, Naze and Ishigaki) was considered to exhibit a clinal change, while responses of the northern two populations (Akita and Oyama) showed discontinuous trend.
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Yukio ORUI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
505-514
Published: November 25, 1996
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PCR-RFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA was performed to distinguish species on individual Pratylenchus penetrans, P. coffeae, P. vulnus, and Pratylenchus sp. (Unidentified species near P. coffeae). A single nematode of each species was ruptured in a drop of lysis buffer, heat-treated, and added directly to a PCR reaction mixture in a microcentrifuge tube. This simple DNA extraction with lysis buffer was efficient for preparing template DNA in PCR amplification. This extraction method was applicable to all the developmental stages from egg to adult regardless of sex. The sizes of amplified products were about 0.8 kb in P. penetrans and P. vulnus, and about 1.1 kb in P. coffeae and Pratylenchus sp. These four species were easily discriminated from each other by digesting the amplified products with endonucleases, AluI, EdeI, HhaI, HinfI, and TaqI.
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V. Kamakshi GOPAL, J. Ernest MOORE
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
515-523
Published: November 25, 1996
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Action potentials (AP) N1, N2 and the excitatory postsynaptic potential-like response (EPSP-like) were recorded for auditory signals in Acheta domesticus (house cricket). Recordings were made from the fifth abdominal ganglion, the site of the first synapse of the cercal hearing system. Stimulus parameters were varied to formulate and optimum set of stimulus conditions that best elicited the evoked responses. For high intensity low frequency signals, APs were clearly visible. For low intensity signals the AP amplitude decreased leading to a broad, low-frequency wave identified as the EPSP-like response. Pharmacologic agents tetrodotoxin and kynurenic acid were used to differentiate the potentials. Tetrodotoxin reduced APs but had no effect on the EPSP-like response. Kynurenic acid brought about complete inhibition of all auditory evoked potentials. These results indicate that the cricket cercal hearing system can be used as a model to study auditory evoked potentials, and also suggests the possibility of the presence of excitatory amino acid receptors in the fifth abdominal ganglion of the house cricket.
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J. MORENO-MARI, A. ECHEVARRIA-SANSANO, R. JIMENEZ-PEYDRO
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
525-529
Published: November 25, 1996
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The effects of topical treatments with five concentrations (0.00001 mg/ml, 0.01 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) of cyromazine on Ceratitis capitata W
IED. (Dip., Tephritidae) and indirect effects of these treatments on a larval parasitoid, Opius concolor S
ZEPL. (Hym., Braconidae), were studied. The results obtained showed that topical treatments on the third larval stadium of C. capitata did not affect the development. Further, at the concentrations used here, cyromazine did not affect the development or parasitism of O. concolor.
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Kenichi MIKITANI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
531-536
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Acetylcholinesterase activity induction by ecdysteroids is known in Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells, but its induction at the gene expression level has not been studied. A reporter plasmid was constructed by ligation of the D. melanogaster acetylcholinesterase gene (Ace gene) 5'-upstream 1.62 kb region to firefly luciferase cDNA. The plasmid was then introduced into Kc cells by the electroporation method for induction study. With the addition of 1.0 × 10
-8 M 20-hydroxyecdysone, a 4-fold induction of luciferase was observed 72 h after the hormone treatment, while 1.0 × 10
-6 M ecdysone was required to give a 5-fold induction. Dibenzoyl hydrazines (RH 5849 and RH 5992), which are known as non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonists, also induced a 3 to 4-fold induction, whoever, RH 5992 showed a higher induction potential than RH 5849 (as in other ecdysteroid assays). These results suggest that this novel ecdysteroid responsive reporter plasmid (system) might be useful for the evaluation of ecdysteroids and further analysis of the acetylcholinesterase induction mechanism by ecdysteroids.
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Satoshi NOJIMA, Masayuki SAKUMA, Yasumasa KUWAHARA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
537-546
Published: November 25, 1996
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A polyethylene glycol (PEG)film method was developed to evaluate the activity of cockroach feeding stimulants. A droplet of aqueous methanol or methanol solution of test material containing PEG was placed on a glass plate to form a spot of PEG film. After exposure to a test insect, mandibular scratches on the film were examined under microscopic observation. The response was recorded as the percentage of marked films. A probit analysis of the concentration/response relation evaluated the EC
50 and relative potency of each compound. Assays were conducted on adults of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), satiated with food and water. For compounds showing little or no activity, sterved insects were subjected to assays as well. Sugars and related compounds were active, whereas aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids and esters showed less activities. The active compounds were classified into five groups according to the regression coefficients. Maltose was the most active, showing an EC
50 at 7.5 and 4.7 μmol/g PEG to female and male adults, respectively.
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Mitsugu SUGIYAMA, Yukio SHIMOJI, Tsuguo KOHAMA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
547-550
Published: November 25, 1996
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A new funnel-based sex pheromone trap was designed for monitoring the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (FABRICIUS), and its effectiveness was compared with a funnel trap which has been used for monitoring thus far. Five traps of each type were alternately placed at 100 m intervals along a straight road which was surrounded by fields of sugarcane and sweet potato. A rubber dispenser containing 0.1 mg of the synthetic sex pheromone was used as an attractant. During the study period, a total of 3, 678 and 4, 311 male weevils were caught in the new and earlier version traps, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two trap types in the number of weevils caught. Both types of traps also collected other arthropods. The new traps caught 17 individuals, while 286 were caught in the earlier type traps. The latter traps captured significantly more superfluous arthropods than the new traps.
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Takuji SAKASHITA, Fusao NAKASUJI, Kenji FUJISAKI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
551-556
Published: November 25, 1996
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The stink bug, Pyrrhocoris sibiricus, which is a ground-living seedfeeder, shows wing polymorphism. To define the wing form and investigate the relationship between body size and wing polymorphism, adults collected from natural habitats were measured for their body length and forewing and hindwing lengths. The coloration of the hindwing (blackish or semitransparent) and the distinctness of the hindwing venation (distinct or indistinct) were also checked for all individuals. Individuals with blackish hindwings had distinct (developed) wing venation and showed larger values of relative hindwing length (RHL), while those with semitransparent hindwings had indistinct (undeveloped) wing venation and showed smaller RHL values. Moreover, the RHL values of individuals with different colors did not overlap. In female adults, individuals with an RHL equal to or greater than 0.4 were defined as macropters and those with an RHL of less than 0.4 were defined as brachypters. In male adults, individuals with an RHL equal to or greater than 0.5 were defined as macropters and those with an RHL of less than 0.5 were defined as brachypters. Macropters had larger body sizes than brachypters in both sexes.
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Xavier LERY, Adel EL-TARRAS, Annie MONSARRAT, Said ABOL-ELA, Joseph GI ...
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
557-565
Published: November 25, 1996
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Two cell lines from the most important insect pest of cotton, Pectinophora gossypiella S., were obtained from and embryonic tissue culture. The cells were cultured in GRACE's modified medium. The first cell line, designated ORS-PgS (PgS), was obtained by selecting the non-adherent cells during subculturing and consisted of a homogeneous population of rounded cells. The second cell line, designated ORS-PgA (PgA), obtained without any artificial selection, was a heterogeneous population of spherical and spindle-shaped cells with a great capacity to adhere. The two cell lines had a doubling time of 40 and 48 h respectively and were sub-cultured for more than 50 passages. Their polypeptidic profiles appeared identical but were different from those of other lepidopteran cell lines tested. The two cell lines support the multiplication of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, producing 10
5 plaque forming units/ml. In 1 to 2% PgS cells, polyhedra were synthesized, whereas PgA cells multiplied only virions.
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Harue SAITO, Jun MITSUHASHI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
567-574
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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In the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, sexual generations have been produced on a holidic diet, but fertile eggs have not been obtained so far. In this report we examined the effect of vitamins on the production of sexuals. When the vitamins in a synthetic diet were condensed 2-fold, larval mortality decreased and the ratio of males increased markedly compared to those parameters for insects fed the standard synthetic diet. A 4-fold increase in vitamin concentration resulted in a further increase of the proportion of males. When vitamins were condensed 8-fold, most larvae died. The higher the vitamin concentration, the lower the average fertility. But the number of adult males obtained on the vitamin-rich diet was about the same as than for males on the radish seedlings. Oviparac were only obtained with the diet containing 4-fold concentrated vitamins. These oviparac were mated with males obtained from the same diet and laid eggs, however, the eggs did not hatch.
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Toru SHIMIZU, Seiichi MORIYA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
575-580
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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We examined daily flight patterns and the correlation between adult age and flight in Cylas formicarius in the laboratory at 25 ± 1 °C under a 14L10D photoregime by a simple method of counting the number of adults flying out of a cup. The flight activity of males peaked just after the onset of darkness and gradually decreased toward the onset of light. Only a small proportion of them flew during the photophase. More than 90% of male adults flow at least once within 2 weeks after exodus from the sweet potato tuber. The proportion of males flying per day increased to a maximum 1 week after the exodus, and about 10% of them flow even 30 days after the exodus. On the other hand, flight activity of females was low and the proportion of females flying at least once was about 25%. Females flow from 7 to 24 days after the exodus.
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Shin'ichi ASADA, Masato ONO
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
581-586
Published: November 25, 1996
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Buzz-pollination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL) by four native species of Japanese bumblebees (Bombus hypocrita hypocrita PEREZ, B. ignitus SMITH, B. ardens ardens SMITH, and B. diversus diversus SMITH) was examined. A high (84-100%) fruiting rate and almost no puffy fruit )0-7%) resulted from pollination by the Japanese bumblebees. There was no difference in the pollination efficiency between the imported non-native bumblebee (B. terrestris) and Japanese bumblebees. Pollination of tomato crops using native bumblebees is recommended because there are no ecological risks.
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Javaregowda NAGARAJU, Toshio KANDA, Kenji YUKUHIRO, Gerard CHAVANCY, T ...
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
587-596
Published: November 25, 1996
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We analysed the feasibility of transforming the silkworm germ line cells by random insertion of foreign DNA. Cloned DNA, either supercoiled or linear, introduced into eggs at early stages of development was submitted to intense degradation after injection, but a stable pool of intact sequences persisted throughout embryogenesis in both embryonic and non-enbryonic tissues. Screenings of germ line transformants were carried out by tracking injected foreign sequences in genomic DNA of individuals at the G0 and G1 generations. One case of germ line transmission of foreign DNA was observed among more than 500 broods analysed. Distribution of the transgene among G1 individuals agrees with Mendelian inheritance from the G0 to the G1 generation. The integrated sequence was modified compared to the originally injected one. This study shows that foreign DNA can integrated into the chromosomes of the silkworm germ lineage but than improving the method of making transgenics requires the development of gene vector systems.
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Hiroo KANNO
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
597-603
Published: November 25, 1996
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The role of leaf pubescence in resistance of soybean to the false melon beetle (FMB), Atrachya menetriesi FALDERMANN, was investigated in the field and laboratory using genotypes of soybean with varying levels of pubescence on leaves. There was a negative correlationship between trichome density on leaves and levels of leaf damage caused by feeding of adult FMB. Most of the genotypes which exhibited a high level of resistance to FMB were highly pubescent. There was a clear difference in the damage level between the high pubescent variety, T-207, and beetle attack was overwhelmingly biased to the shaved part. SEM observations revealed only the normal type of trichomes, and no glandular trichomes, on the soybean leaf. All these facts suggest that leaf pubescence might be a major factor associated with the resistance of soybean to FMB.
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Masatoshi HORI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
605-612
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Feeding-, setting-inhibitional and insecticidal activities of garlic and onion oils against Myzus persicae (SULZER) were investigated with an assay system consisting of EMIF (electronic measurement of insect feeding behavior), no-choice-, choice-tests and a toxicity test. No remarkable feeding inhibition activity by either oil was observed in EMIF. In the no-choice test, aphids rarely settled on the sealing film which covered the diet containing garlic oil and most of them died. The settling inhibition activity of onion oil was lower than that of garlic oil. In the toxicity test, both oils indicated toxicity, and the toxicity of garlic oil was higher than that of onion oil. Death of aphids in the no-choice test might have been caused by starvation and toxicity of both oils. In the choice test, both oils strongly prevented the aphids from settling. The volatile constituents of essential oils of garlic or onion may inhibit M. persicae from settling on these plants. It was shown that both oils have settling inhibition and insecticidal activity, but negligible antifeedant activity to this aphid. It was revealed that not all essential oils with settling inhibition or insecticidal activity had the feeding inhibition activity.
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Takatoshi UENO
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
613-615
Published: November 25, 1996
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Kazuya NIIKAWA, Makio TAKEDA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
615-618
Published: November 25, 1996
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Sadao WAKAMURA, Tetsuya YASUDA, Fumiaki MOCHIZUKI
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
619-621
Published: November 25, 1996
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Hideki UENO
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
621-623
Published: November 25, 1996
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Sadao WAKAMURA, Akio ICHIKAWA, Tetsuya YASUDA, Norio ARAKAKI, Takehiko ...
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
623-625
Published: November 25, 1996
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Toru SHIMIZU, Seiichi MORIYA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
626-628
Published: November 25, 1996
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Benno V. MEYER-ROCHOW, A. Walto REID
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
629-632
Published: November 25, 1996
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Hiroaki ABE, Toru SHIMADA, Shinya KAWAI, Fumi OHBAYASHI, Tae HARADA, T ...
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
633-637
Published: November 25, 1996
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Kazuhiko YANO, Shinji TSUNEKAWA, Tosihiko HUKUHARA
1996 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
637-641
Published: November 25, 1996
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